Conservation_of_Energy.pptx for BS students

The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another. The total energy of an isolated system always remains constant, though it may appear in different forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, or electrical energy. For example, in daily life, energy changes form when a battery powers a device or when a falling object converts potential energy into kinetic energy. This principle is fundamental to all branches of science and engineering.

1. Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed — only transformed.

2. Law of Conservation of Energy Total energy of an isolated system remains constant. Energy can change form (kinetic ↔ potential ↔ thermal). Mathematical form: E_total = constant

3. Forms of Energy • Kinetic Energy (motion) • Potential Energy (position) • Thermal Energy • Chemical, Electrical, and Nuclear Energy

4. Examples • Roller coaster: potential → kinetic • Battery powering a bulb: chemical → electrical → light + heat • Falling ball: gravitational potential → kinetic

5. Energy Transformations Example: Sunlight → Plants (chemical) → Human (mechanical) Energy changes form but total remains constant.

6. Summary Energy can transform, but cannot vanish. Applies in physical, chemical, and biological processes.