Conservation of land , water , biotic resources

RAJKUMAR POREL, M.SC, 2019

1. CONSERVATION OF LAND , WATER , BIOTIC RESOURCES

2. DEFINITION The word “ conservation “ was coined by Gifford Pinchot head of the US forest service shortly after White house conference on natural resources (19O8) Conservation actually means usage , improvement and protection of natural resources in a wise manner for a long term basis.

3. Three most important concepts of conserving natural resources

4. AIMS OF CONSERVATION To maintain essential ecological processes and life support system. To preserve biological diversity. To develop rational use of all resources so that they do not lost for longer time. To check environmental pollution. To ensure safety for all organisms.

5. CONSERVATION OF LAND RESOURCES TOPIC: 1

6. Land degradation Land is the most valuable resource for mankind. It provide food , shelter and various other purposes. Land degradation is a process of deterioration of soil or loss of fertility. CAUSES OF LAND DEGRADATION Overpopulation Urbanization Damage of top soil Contamination of soil with industrial wastes. Soil erosion

7. Techniques of land conservation ORGANIC FARMING – Process of increasing organic input to the soil. Example – bio fertilizer. MULCHING – Soil is covered with crop residue and other forms of plant litter. TERRACE FARMING – Conversion of steep slopes into a series of broad terraces which run across the contour. STRIP CROPPING – Planting of crops in rows to check flow of water. CONTOUR PLOUGHING – It is very useful areas with low rainfall that placing some furrows to store water which reduces runoff and erosion.

8. NATIONAL WASTELAND DEVELOPMENT BOARD (NWDB) The Board was established in 1985 to formulate action plans to arrest land degradation and deforestation. The current mission of the NWDB is to check land degradation , bring wasteland into sustainable use, increase biomass availability and restore ecological balance.

9. METHODS OF LAND CONSERVATION MULCHING TERRACE FARMING STRIP CROPPING CONTOUR PLOUGHING

10. CONSERVATION OF WATER RESOURCES TOPIC: 2

11. Necessities of Conserving water resources Exploitation of water resources has increased manifolds due to continuous increase in population , industrialization , and expansion in irrigation. Consumption of water is nearly 50 liters a day per person in rural areas and 150 liters a day per person in urban areas. Industries use large quantities of water daily. Agriculture is a major sector in consuming huge quantities of water.

12. TECHNIQUES OF WATER CONSERVATION REDISTRIBUTION OF WATER – Redistribution of water helps in creating regional balance. River water can be redistributed into two forms – Reservoirs Canals RATIONAL USE OF UNDERGROUND WATER – Use water only to the extent to which they are recharged to the natural way. RAINWATER HARVESTING – Rainwater harvesting is a simple method by which rainwater is collected for future use.

13. Rainwater harvesting increases water availability by consuming rainwater for household , irrigation and other RAINWATER HARVESTING INCREASES WATER AVAILABILITY FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES FOR HOUSEHOLD PURPOSES FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES AND MANY OTHER PURPOSES

14. CONSERVATION OF BIOTIC RESOURCES TOPIC: 3

15. BIOTIC RESOURCES Resources which are living in nature are known as biotic resources. Example- forest , animals etc. BIOTIC RESOURCES

16. MEASURES TO CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY LEGISLATION: Formal policies should be organized to conserve and for sustainable utilization of resources. PROTECTED AREA: An area of land or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity through legal or other effective means . example: national park , wildlife sanctuaries etc. IN-SITU CONSERVATION: Conserving the animals and plants in their natural habitat. EX-SITU CONSERVATION: Conserving the plants and animals away from their natural habitat. SOCIAL FORESTRY / COMMUNITY FORESTRY: It is concerned with the welfare of the society particularly rural people depend on forest for their livelihood.

17. ENDANGERED WILDLIFE SPECIAL PROJECTS PROJECT TIGER GIR LION PROJECT CROCODILE BREEDING PROJECT PROJECT ELEPHANT

18. NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA

19. BY OUR INDIAN CONSTITUTION LEGISLATION FOR CONSERVATION: Environment Protection Act (1986) Forest Conservation Act(1980) Chipko Movement Act (1988)

20. THANK YOU REFERENCES: ADVANCED ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY; BY DR. ALKA GAUTAM ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT; BY P.D. SHARMA