Conservation of wildlife and forest.pptx

it contains necessity for wildlife conservation, modes of forest and wildlife conservation, wildlife and forest status in India, wildlife and forest conservation in India

1. CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE AND FOREST Submitted by : Tanisha Devi & ASLEKHA SAIKIA Class : B.A. 3rd Semester (Geography) Roll NO. : 4 (Tanisha) & 367 (ASLEKHA)

2. contents Introduction Necessity for wildlife conservation Modes of wildlife conservation Wildlife status in India Conservation of wildlife in India Modes of forest conservation Forest status on India Forest conservation in India Conclusion

3. introduction Wildlife conservation refers to the practice of protecting wild species and their habitats in order to maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore , protect or enhance natural ecosystems. Forest conservation is the practice of protecting and preserving the forests for the benefit of future generations. Wildlife conservation and forest conservation are closely related because forests provide the natural habitat for wildlife and conserving forests in the main strategy for wildlife conservation.

4. Necessity for wildlife conservation The wildlife help us in maintaining the balance of nature by maintaining the equilibrium between biotic and abiotic factors of ecosystem. Conserving wildlife habitats can help filter pollutants and increase the amount of oxygen in the air. Wildlife provides many benefits to humans , like food , medicine , pollinators, pest control etc. Healthy habitats and ecosystems can help control soil erosion. Healthy habitats and ecosystems can help keep water clean by reducing runoff. Wildlife helps the country to increase the tourism. Wildlife conservation helps protect endangered species from threats like poaching , climate change , habitat destruction.

5. Modes of wildlife conservation By studying the habitats of wildlife species and their proper management, improvement and protection. By implementing and strictly following laws related to environment protection. Combatting wildlife crimes which includes preventing poaching and the illegal trade of wildlife. National parks , wildlife sanctuaries , biosphere reserves should be created. By bringing wildlife consciousness among public with the help of TV programmes , field trips etc. By including wildlife protection activities and lectures and seminars in school , colleges and universities. Veterinary service should be made available to take care of wild animals . Wildlife census is very necessary for conservation of wildlife.

6. FIG 1.1 PANDA NANNY FIG 1.2 PROTEST FIG 1.3 TIGER DAY

7. Wildlife status in india Table 1.1 represents the status of species of plants and animals of different categories in India . The species include higher plants, mammals , breeding animals , reptiles , amphibians and fish. TABLE 1.1 wildlife Total no. of species Threatened species Higher plants 18,664 244 Mammals 390 88 Birds 458 72 Reptiles 521 25 Amphibians 231 3 Fish 5,749 9

8. The following are the critical species of animals : yak , hispid hare , brow altered deer (all are mammals) , Christmas island frigate bird , Mrs. Hume’s Bar tailed pheasant , Burmese peafowl , black necked crane , hooded crane ,finfoot, forested spotted owlet (all are Aves ) Extinct species include cheetah (mammals), pink headed duck and mountain quail (birds). Unique animals of India include pigmy hog , black buck , lion tailed macaque , Nilgiri Tahr , golden langurs etc . The situation of wildlife in India is in danger, with more than 10,000 species are vulnerable , 5766 species are endangered and around 3947 species are critically endangered. FIG 1.4 PINK HEADED DUCK FIG1.5 MOUNTAIN QUAIL FIG 1.3 INDIAN ASIATIC CHEETAH

9. CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE IN INDIA 1. India Implemented many laws for protection of wildlife Example of some laws formulated from time to time are – .The wild birds and animal protection act passed in 1887 . Forest act passed in the year 1927 . Biodiversity act passed in 2002 2. India has established many biosphere reserves , sanctuaries and national parks. Example are - Biosphere reserves – N ilgiri , Nanda devi , Manas , Sundarbans etc Sanctuaries – B andipur , Gibbon etc , Bird sanctuaries – G hana , Mala Patti etc. National parks – K aziranga , Kanha , M adhav , orang etc

10. 3.India launched various schemes at national level for protection of particular species Example are - . Project Tiger launched in 1973 . Project Elephant launched in 1992 . Project Snow Leopard launched in 2009 . Project Rhino launched in 2005 4.The Indian Board of Wildlife was established in 1952 for the purpose of protection of wild animals . In subsequent years separate wildlife boards were established at state level .The establishment of wildlife institute at Dehradun has been a success in the wildlife management.

11. Modes of forest conservation Reforestation and afforestation help to ensure sustainable development of india . Security forces can be placed in forests to prevent the poaching and smuggling of forest resources. Steps should be taken to protect forest dwellers without disturbing their lifestyle. By controlling forest fire. By protecting the forest from pests and diseases. Overgrazing should be regulated. Thinning trees.

12. Forest status in india As per the latest Indian State of Forest Report published in 2021, the total forest cover of the country is80.9 million hectares which is 21.71% of the geographical area of the country. India’s forest cover is decreasing day by day . India has lost a whopping 2.33 million hectares of tree cover between 2000 and 2023 . States with highest forest cover are Mizoram , Arunachal Pradesh , Meghalaya , Manipur , Nagaland . States with lowest forest cover are Punjab , Haryana . Daman and Diu has the lowest forest cover the union territories. Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover by area in India followed by Arunachal Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , Odisha and Maharashtra .

13. Forest conservation in india Government established national forest policy in 1988 to ensure environmental stability and maintenance of ecological balance including atmospheric equilibrium which are vital for sustenance of all life forms , human , animal and plant. Government divided the forest into 3 groups – 1. reserved forests – these forest is completely controlled by government and local are not allowed to enter , hunt ,or gaze in these forest . 2. protected forests – these forest are partly controlled by the government and govt. can use the resources in these forests to generate revenue . 3. village forests – these forest are controlled by the villages that are adjacent to them. Various NGO are working for the conservation of forest in india at different level . Example – ATREE , Chintan NGO Delhi etc

14. conclusion Through this study we came to know about wildlife , its importance , conservation processes and many more .we also came to conclusion that world’s wildlife or biodiversity is decreasing day by day at a very high speed . So we must take some bold steps towards wildlife conservation. As wildlife conservation is crucial for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem and the well being of current and future generations .

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