Consonants and Vowels

I hope this might help for those who are interested in linguistic.

1. ■ CONSONANTS ■ VOWELS

2. DESCRIBING ◼ CONSONANTS 1 2 3

3. VOICING → what are the vocal folds doing ▸ VOICELESS SOUND doesn’t produce vibration ▸ VOICED SOUND produces vibration

4. PLACE OF ARTICULATION → where the constriction of airflow takes place 1.BILABIAL both lips come together Active ▹ Lower lip Passive ▹ Upper lip [ p] as in " p urse" and " ra p ” [ b ] as in " b ack" and " ca b ” [ m ] as in " m ad" and " cla m ” [w] as in " w et" and " ho w ”

5. PLACE OF ARTICULATION 2.LABIODENTAL : curling your lower lip back and raising it to touch your upper teeth Active ▹ Lower lip Passive ▹ Upper teeth [f] as in " f all" and “ h al f ” [v] as in " v ine" and "ha v e"

6. PLACE OF ARTICULATION 3. INTERDENTAL : placing tip of tongue against upper teeth Active ▹ Tip of tongue Passive ▹ Upper teeth [ θ ] as is " th ick" and " ba th ” [ ð ] as in " th e" and "ra th er"

7. PLACE OF ARTICULATION 4. ALVEOLAR : The tongue tip touches the alveolar ridge. Active ▹ Tip of tongue Passive ▹ Alveolar ridge [n] as in " n o" and " ma n ” [t] as in " t ab" and " ra t ” [ d] as in " d ip" and " ba d ” [ s] as in " s uit" and " bu s ” [z] as in " z it" and " jaz z ” [l] as in " l uck" and " fu ll "

8. PLACE OF ARTICULATION 5 . ALVEO-PALATAL : The tongue tip touches the back of the alveolar ridge. Active ▹ Tip of tongue Passive ▹ the hard palate [ ʃ ] as in " sh oot" or "bra sh "   [ ʒ ] as in "vi s ion" or " mea s ure” [ tʃ ] as in " ch ick" or "mat ch "   [ dʒ ] as in " j am" or " bad ge ”

9. PLACE OF ARTICULATION 6.RETROFLEX : T he tongue tip is curled up toward the hard palate. Active ▹ Tip of tongue Passive ▹ The hard palate [r] as in “ r un" and “ r abbit”

10. PLACE OF ARTICULATION 7.PALATAL : The front of the tongue touches the hard palate. Active ▹ The front of the tongue Passive ▹ The hard palate [ j] as in " y es" and “be y ond”

11. PLACE OF ARTICULATION 8.VELAR : the back of the tongue touches the soft palate, or velum. Active ▹ the back of the tongue Passive ▹ the soft palate [ ŋ ] as in "goi n g" and " u n cle”   [k] as in " k ite" and " bac k ” [g] as in " g ood" and " bu g ”

12. PLACE OF ARTICULATION 9.GLOTTAL : T he opening between the vocal folds is narrow enough to create some turbulence in the airstream flowing past the vocal folds. [ h] as in " h i" and “ h orse"

13. Plosives or Stop ▷ the air quickly builds up pressure behind the articulators and then releases in a burst. [ p ] [ b] [t ] [ d ] [ k]   [g ] → how the airflow is constricted MANNER OF ARTICULATION

14. Fricative ▷The  air has to be forced through a narrow channel. [ f ] [ v ] [ θ ] [ ð ] [s ] [ z ] [ ʃ ] [ ʒ ] [h ] MANNER OF ARTICULATION

15. Affricates ▷ a combination of a stop and a fricative that make one new sound. The sounds begin with a stop and end in a fricative. [ tʃ ]   [ dʒ ] MANNER OF ARTICULATION

16. ▷ the air pass through your nose . [m] [ n ] [ ŋ ] MANNER OF ARTICULATION Nasal

17. ▷ Two articulators come close together but not quite close enough to create air turbulence.   [ w ] [ j ] [ r ] MANNER OF ARTICULATION Approximants ▷ The tongue blocks the middle of your mouth so that air has to pass around the sides .   [ l ] Lateral Approx.

18. EXERCISE ► CONSONANTS TA B OO [ təˈ b u ː] TH ROW [ θ rəʊ ] SI NG ER [ˈ sɪ ŋ ə ] Voiced — Bilabial — Plosive Voiceless — Interdental — Fricatives Voiced — Velar — Nasal

19. DESCRIBING ◼ VOWELS 2 1 3 4

20. S EE B E D C A T S I T U H U P T UR N F OO D P U T A LL H O T A RM

21. EXERCISE ► VOWELS THR OU GH [ θr u ː ] ST A ND [st a nd] Tense — Rounded — High — Back Lax — Unrounded — Low — Front http:// cambridgeenglishonline.com / Phonetics_Focus /