Constitution Why, How and What - By Dr. Mamta Pareek (2).pptx

This PPT explains the Basic information of Indian Constitution. As Indian Citizen all Indian should know about our Constitution.

1. Constitution : Why , How and What By Dr. Mamta Pareek St. Xavier’s College, Jaipur

2. Constitution : What ? The Constitution is the Supreme law of the land. All other laws have to conform to the constitution. The Constitution contains laws concerning the government and its relations with the people. A Constitution is concerned with 2 main aspects :- The relation between the different levels of government Between the government and the citizens.

3. Constitution : What ?

4. Written (Codified) Constitution is contained in a single document, it is made and enacted by a constituent assembly. E.g. USA, India. Unwritten (Uncodified) Constitution is not contained in a single document, it is the result of gradual process of constitutional evolution. It depends on unwritten rules or conventions. Constitution : TYPES ?

5. Constitution : Why ? First time reflect in “Swaraj Bill” of Tilak, 1895 In 1906, Indian National Congress session 1921, Gandhi Ji State that “Indian should decide their Future.” Declaration ,1922 that Swaraj will not be a gift from Britisher’s, It will arise by the ambitions of Indian representatives. In 1924, Pt. Motilal Nehru proposed to form a constitutional Assembly In 1935, Again demanded by INC against Indian Govt. Act, 1935 In 1937, Congress repeated above demand August Proposal,1940 Britisher’s committed that “Indians will form their constitution.” Cripps Plan, 1942 – An elected constituent Assembly will form in India after World War II

6. Constitution : Why ? CABINET MISSION On 24 th Mar, 1946, the Prime Minister of UK, Clement Attlee formulated the Cabinet Mission for preserving India’s unity and granting Independence 3 members were primary in this mission – Sir Pethick Lawrence Sir Stafford Cripps Sir A.V. Alexander Election held for constituent assembly based on Cabinet Mission Plan in July-Aug. 1946 First Session of Constituent Assembly held on– 9 Dec. 1946 Interim President – Sh. Sachhidanand Sinha Elected President - Dr . Rajendra Parasad

7. Composition of Constituent Assembly Constituent Assembly form in 3 major stages – First Stage – Formed through election Total Members - 389 Representatives of British Provinces - 292 Representatives of Chief Commissionerate's - 4 Representatives of Princely States - 93 Second Stage – Reformation after partition Total Members - 324 Representatives of British Provinces - 235 Representatives of Princely States - 89 Final Stage – Princely States entered….

8. Constituent Assembly A Democratic device for formulating or adopting a new constitution. Constituent Assembly

9. Object of Constituent Assembly To implies the right of a people to determine their own future and decide the nature and type of polity under which they would like to live. To draft the constitution To approve the Constitution To promulgate the Constitution

10. Constitution : How ? Process of Framing the Constitution First Step After 141 meetings & 60 other Constitutions, Drafting Committee presented first draft of Constitution on 25 Feb. 1948 With few amendments it was handed over to the President of Assembly – 26 Oct. 1948 Second Step 4-9 Nov 1948 Presentation 15 Nov- 17 oct. 1949 Discussion 17 Nov. -26 Nov,1949 Voting Third Step 24 Jan. 1950 – Three copies signed by 308 members 26 Jan. 1950 – The Republican Constitution of India enforced

11. Adoption of The Constitution Total Session – 12 Duration – 2 years, 11 month, 18 days Expenditure – 63,96,728 /- Rs Draft Contain Article – 315, Schedules – 8 Finally Indian Constitution Contains Article – 395, Schedules – 8 Sh. C. Rajagopalachari took over from Lord Mountbatten and became the first Governor General of India. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the first President of Republican India.

12. THANK YOU DR. MAMTA PAREEK ASSISTANT PROFESSOR