Construction Engineering Managment safety

This pdf contains the safety and risk management of the construction Engineering Managment

1. Dr.S.Karthikeyan
Assistant Professor(Sr.G)
Department of Civil Engineering
KonguEngineering College
KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
& MANAGEMENT

2. Safetyinconstructionprojects-Importanceofsafety-Elementsofsafetyprogramme-
Jobsitesafetyassessment-Siteaccidents-Causes-Classification-Safetymeasures-
Approachestoimprovesafetyinconstruction-SafetycodesandOSHAstandards.
Unit V Safety Management

3. Safety in Construction Projects
ImportanceofSafety
Why Safety Matters
Theconstructionindustryemploysoneofthelargestlabourforcebutaccountsfor11%
ofalloccupationalinjuriesand20%ofalldeathsresultingfromoccupationalaccidents.
Reasons for Considering Safety:
HumanitarianConcern:Sufferingoftheinjuredworkerandtheirfamilyisimmenseandcannot
beignored,evenwithinsurance.
EconomicReasons:Accidentsincursignificantdirectandindirectcosts.
LawsandRegulations:Employersmustlookafteremployeesafety;violationleadstopunishment.
OrganisationalImage:Agoodsafetyrecordproduceshighermoraleandproductivity,
improvespublicimage,andmakesiteasiertoacquirenegotiatedjobs.
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC
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4. Safety in Construction Projects
CostsofAccidents
EconomicImpactofAccidents
Direct Costs:Costs that come directly out of the contractor's pocket (or increase in
insurance premiums).
Medical care expenses for injured.
Worker's compensation costs.
Insurance premium increases.
Replacement cost of damaged equipment/material.
Legal counsel fees, facility repairs and cleanup.
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC
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5. Safety in Construction Projects
CausesofAccidents
Possible Causes (Grouped by Nature):
Planning,Organisation:
Defectsintechnicalplanning
Fixingunsuitabletimelimits
Insufficientsupervision
Lackofcooperation.
ExecutionofWork:
Constructiondefects
Useofunsuitablematerials
Defectiveprocessing
Equipment:
Lackordefectsinequipment
Lackofsafetydevices Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC5

6. Safety in Construction Projects
CausesofAccidents
Possible Causes (Grouped by Nature):
Management/ConductofWork:
Inadequateworkpreparation/examinationofequipment
Unskilled/untrainedoperatives
Inadequatesupervision.
Workers'Behaviour:
Irresponsible,unauthorizedacts
Carelessness
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC
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7. Safety in Construction Projects
ClassificationofAccidents(ByNatureofInjurySustained):
Temporary disablement
Partial disablement
Total disablement
Death
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC
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8. Safety in Construction Projects
ElementsforMaintainingSafety(TheSafetyWheel):
.
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC
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The Safety Wheel
1.Management
2.Worker
Participation
3.Design
Methodology
4.Safety
Committee
5.
Training
6.
Safety
Equipment
7.Safety
Codes
8.
Construction
Techniques

9. Safety Measures and Approaches
SafetyInfluences
SafetyisInfluencedby:
Design/Planning:
Decisionsmadeduringthesestages(e.g.,separatingtrafficfromconstructionzones)can
significantlyreduceaccidents.
TechnologyChoice:
Safeguardsbuiltintomachinery(e.g.,simpleswitches,sophisticatedmonitors)canprevent
injuries.
Education,Training,VigilanceandCooperation.
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC
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10. Safety Measures and Approaches
ImprovementApproaches
Organisational Approach
Physical Approach
Behavioural Approach
Economic Incentives
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC
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11. Safety Measures and Approaches
ImprovementApproaches
OrganisationalApproach
Asafetyprogrammustbeanintegralpartofthecontractor'sbusiness,justlike
schedulingandcostaccounting.
SafetyDepartments:
Essentialtomanagesafetystaff,siterepresentativesandaccidentpreventionprograms.
MustreporttoboththeProjectManagerandtheSafetyDirector/Officeforindependence.
SafetyCost:Thecostaccountingsystemshouldallocatesafetycoststocompanyandprojectaccounts
(insteadoftreatingthemonlyasprojectindirectcosts)toencouragespendingonsafetyprograms.
Committees:ASafetyCommittee(chairedbyaVP/ExecutiveVP)shouldbesetup,including
membersfromalllevelsofworkersandmanagement.
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC
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12. Safety Measures and Approaches
ImprovementApproaches
PhysicalandFieldApproaches
PhysicalApproach:Focusesontangiblecontrolsandtraining.
Newworkersmustreceivesafetyorientation.
Contractorsmuststudypossibleaccidentsforthepreparedmethodsandequipmenttodevisean
accidentpreventionprogram.
Enforcetheuseofapprovedpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)likehelmets,safetybelts,
glassesandgloves.
Integratesafetyprogramswithotherpre-planningprocedureslikeschedulingandbudgeting.
Periodiccheckingoftoolsandequipmentisnecessary.
FieldProcedures:
Designasystemtoprocessandactonsafetysuggestionsfromworkers,astheyarebest
positionedtodetectunsafeprocedures.
Seekfullcooperationfromallsubcontractors. Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC12

13. Safety Measures and Approaches
ImprovementApproaches
BehaviouralApproach
Over80%ofaccidentsresultfromaworker'sunsafeacts,whileonly10%aredue
toequipment/procedures.
Managerbehavioursignificantlyinfluencesworkersafetyperformance.
TopmanagementmusttalkaboutSafetywiththesameimportanceasschedulesand
costsduringsitevisits/meetings.
Projectmanagers/superintendentsshouldnotplaceunnecessarypressureon
foremen(e.g.,budgetpressure)thatforcesthemtochooseunacceptablesafety
methods.
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC13

14. Safety Measures and Approaches
ImprovementApproaches
EconomicIncentives
Incentives(setupbythecompany)encourageemployeestocarryoutsafetypolicies.
Fieldmanagementandsupervisorsshouldbeevaluatedforpromotion/salaryincrease
basedontheirsafetyrecordsaswellasproductivityandcost.
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC14

15. Safety Measures and Approaches
ResponsibilityforSafety
RoleofKeyStakeholders
Everyoneinvolvedinconstructionhasaresponsibilityforensuringsafety.
Designer:Mustconsiderworkersafetyduringstructurecreation.Avoiddesigns
requiringdangerousstructuralproceduresorunduehazards.
Employer(Management):Primaryresponsibility.Mustprovide/maintainsafe
equipmentandworkpassages,ensurepropersupervision,andgiveinstructionson
safetyrequirements.
Workers:Mustdoeverythingwithintheirpowertomaintaintheirownsafetyand
thesafetyoftheirco-workers.
Manufacturer/Dealer:Equipmentmustcomplywithallsafetylawsandregulations
andbeassafeaspossible.
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC15

16. Safety Measures and Approaches
MeasuringSafetyPerformance
1. Injury Frequency Rate:
InjuryFrequencyRate=
No.ofdisablinginjuries
Totalno.ofmanhoursworked
×1,00,000
2. Injury Severity Rate:
InjurySeverityRate=
No.ofdayslost
No.ofman-hoursworked
×1000
3. Injury Index:
InjuryIndex =
InjuryFrequencyRate×InjurySeverityRate
1000
4. Equivalent Time Charge:Used to indicate the number of days lost for partial or
total disability of a permanent nature.
Dr.S.Karthikeyan, AP/Civil, KEC16