Construction Equipment and other details .pptx

Construction equipment's

1. CE 309 Advance Construction Technology Credit 1.5 Maruf Hossain Hredoy BSc in CE,KUET Lecturer Department of Civil Engineering Dhaka International University Department of Civil Engineering

2. Construction Equipments ‹#› CE 309: Advance Construction Technology and HES Sessional 1.50 credit, 3 hrs/week. Course contents: Advance Construction Technology: introduction with different construction equipments and their suppliers; strategic analysis of the performance of different construction equipments of CATERPILLER, HITACHI and other prominent companies; application of different machineries in building, road, rail, airfield, bridge, and other sector of construction; advance HES tools for construction; Market Analysis: market survey on local construction and finish goods; short case study on different items availability; source segregation; fire hydrants and other safety equipments. HES practices & policies and Le g al Aspects of Construction in Bangladesh: HES practices in BD and all around the world; discussion on Labor law, public procurement rules and ISO 9001; Comparison with U.S. legal systems applicable to civil engineering and construction; Introduction to ISO 14001.

3. Marks Distribution Attendance and Class performance 20 marks Lab Report 20 marks Lab Final Exam 20 marks Lab Based Project Work 20 marks Viva Voce 20 marks Total =(20+20+20+20+20)=100 marks

4. Grade Distribution Obtained Marks Grade GPA 80-100 A+ 4.00 75-79 A 3.75 70-74 A- 3.50 65-69 B+ 3.25 60-64 B 3.00 55-59 B- 2.75 50-54 C+ 2.50 45-49 C 2.25 40-44 D 2.00 0-39 F 0.00

5. CGPA Calculation 𝑪𝑮𝑷𝑨 = Ʃ (𝒐𝒃𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝑮𝑷𝑨 ∗ 𝑪𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒕) 13 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒔𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓

6. Construction Equipments ‹#› CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

7. Construction equipment International Standards and Guidelines for Civil Engineering Safety Standards for Construction Equipment Study Plan

8. Definition What is construction equipment? Heavy equipment refers to heavy-duty vehicles, specially designed for executing construction tasks, most frequently ones involving earthwork operations. They are also known as heavy machines, heavy trucks, construction equipment, engineering equipment, heavy vehicles, or heavy hydraulics. Example: Bulldozers, Excavator, Concrete Vibrator, Wheel Loader, Concrete mixing plant etc.

9. What is the role of equipment in construction? Construction machinery refers to the various types of heavy equipment used in the construction industry to perform tasks such as excavation, grading, paving, and lifting. Some common types of construction machinery include excavators, bulldozers, cranes, backhoes, and loaders

10. The sources of power of construction equipment are given bellow: 1. Hydraulic or pneumatic systems 2. Gasoline 3. Diesel fuel 4. Natural gas 5. Battery-powered building and construction equipment such as loaders and spreaders are also available. Source of Power

11. Construction Equipments ‹#› CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS Earth moving equipment Hauling equipment Hoisting equipment Conveying equipment Aggregate and concrete production equipment Pile driving equipment Tunneling and rock drilling equipment Pumping and dewatering equipment Dredging equipment

12. FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Use of equipment available with the organization Suitability for job condition with special reference to climatic and operating conditions Uniformity of type Size of equipment Use of standard equipment Country of origin Unit cost of production Availability of spare parts and selection of manufacturers Suitability of local labour for operation

13. 1.Earth Moving Equipments: The equipment which perform excavation, digging of large quantities of earth , moving them to distances , placement , compacting, leveling, dozing, grading, hauling etc., are called earth moving equipment. Construction Equipments 7

14. FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT Volume of material to be removed Height of the excavation Disposal of the excavated material Distance of excavation site to hauling units Material to be removed from site Type of soil to be excavated Duration of project (for excavation)

15. Construction Equipments ‹#› Classification: Excavating equipment Excavating and earth moving equipment Types of earth excavation equipments : Power shovel Back hoe Drag line Clam shell

16. Construction Equipments ‹#› a) Power Shovel Long-lasting. Excavate all types of earth except hard rock BASIC PARTS: Track system * Cabin Cables * Rack & stick Boom foot pin * Saddle block Boom point sheave * bucket ( Size = .375 m 3 to 5 m 3 )

17. Construction Equipments ‹#› Operation: Cable controlled & it makes outward strokes while digging. Applications: Close range of work. Very hard materials, big sized boulders. Digging in gravel banks, clay pits, cuts in road works, road side berms etc., a) Power Shovel

18. a) Power Shovel Construction Equipments ‹#›

19. a) Power Shovel Construction Equipments ‹#›

20. a) Power Shovel Construction Equipments ‹#›

21. a) Power Shovel Construction Equipments ‹#›

22. Construction Equipments ‹#› Also termed as hoe, back shovel and pull shovel. Used to excavate below the surface of equipment - it caves into the ground. Basic parts: Boom Boom foot drum Stick, bucket Operation: jack boom boom sheave bucket sheave Similar to shovel except it makes inward strokes while digging. Application : Digging below machine level like trenches, footings, basements. To trim the surface (dressing). b) Back Hoe

23. b) Back Hoe Construction Equipments ‹#›

24. b) Back Hoe Construction Equipments ‹#›

25. b) Back Hoe Construction Equipments ‹#›

26. b) Back Hoe Construction Equipments ‹#›

27. Construction Equipments ‹#› The drag line is so name because of its prominent operation of dragging the bucket against the material to be dug. Unlike the shovel, it has a long light crane boom and the bucket is loosely attached to the boom through cables. Because of this construction, a dragline can dig and dump over larger distances than a shovel can do. Drag lines are useful for digging below its track level and handling softer materials. c) Drag Line

28. Construction Equipments ‹#› Basic parts: Boom Drag cable Drag chain Hoist cable Hoist chain Bucket Applications: Dragging softer material and below its track level It is very useful for excavating trenches when the sides are permitted to establish their angle of repose without shoring. It has long reaches. Excavation for canals and depositing on the embankment without hauling units. c) Drag Line

29. Construction Equipments ‹#›

30. c) Drag Line Construction Equipments ‹#›

31. c) Drag Line Construction Equipments ‹#›

32. Construction Equipments 26 This is so named due to resemblance of its bucket to a clam which is like a shell-fish with hinged double shell. The front end is essentially a crane boom with a specially designed bucket loosely attached at the end through cables as in a drag line. The capacity of a clam shell bucket is usually given in cubic meters. The basic parts of clam shell bucket are the closing line, hoist line, sheaves, brackets, tagline, shell and hinge. d) Clam Shell

33. Construction Equipments ‹#› Application: Used for handling loose material such as crushed stone, sand, gravel, coal etc. Main feature is vertical lifting of material from one location to another. Mainly used for removing material from coffer dam, sewer main holes, well foundations etc. d) Clam Shell

34. d) Clam Shell Construction Equipments ‹#›

35. d) Clam Shell Construction Equipments ‹#›

36. d) Clam Shell Construction Equipments ‹#›

37. Comparison between different types of equipment S.No. Items of comparison Power shovel Back hoe Drag line Clam shell 1 Excavation in hard soil or rock Good Good Not good Poor 2 Excavation in wet soil or mud Poor Poor Moderately good Moderately good 3 Distance between footing and digging Small Small Long Long 4 Loading efficiency Very good Good Moderately good Precise but slow 5 Footing required Close to work Close to pit Fairly away from pit Fairly away from pit 6 Digging level Digs at or above footing level Digs below footing level Digs below footing level Digs at or below footing level 7 Cycle time Short Construction Shortly more than power Equipm sh en o t v s el More than power shovel More than the other equipm 3 e 1 nt

38. EXCAVATING AND EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT Types Motor graders Bull dozers Tractors Construction Equipments ‹#›

39. They may be either towed or motorised. Usually self propulsive. Construction: Front of the grader frame is supported on a pair of front wheels & rear on tandem wheels. Curved blade is supported on the circle and be turned through 360 degree. Blade has replaceable edges. Cutting depth - 2-4cms. Motor Graders Construction Equipments ‹#›

40. USES: * Gravel road repairing Bank cutting Base course spreading Snow, land clearance Road shoulder reshaping Ditch filling Material mixing Frozen top soil, asphalt breaking Motor Graders Construction Equipments ‹#›

41. Motor Graders Construction Equipments ‹#›

42. Motor Graders Construction Equipments ‹#›

43. Versatile equipment- essentially a heavy steel blade mounted on the front of tractor. Construction: Consist of heavy blade with concave profile. Blade is attached to the body with two arms, a supporting frame & held by two push arms Application: Spreading earth fill Clearing, opening up pilot roads Back filling trenches Clearing construction sites Bull Dozers Construction Equipments ‹#›

44. Bull Dozers Construction Equipments ‹#›

45. Bull Dozers Construction Equipments ‹#›

46. Multi purpose machines mainly used for pulling and pushing other machines for agricultural purposes. Types: Wheel type ( <50 km/hr ) Crawler type ( <12 km/hr ) Applications: Clearing & excavating machinery Hauling & conveying machinery Tractors Construction Equipments ‹#›

47. Wheel Tractors Construction Equipments ‹#›

48. Crawler Tractors Construction Equipments ‹#›

49. Comparison between crawler and wheeled tractors Crawler type Wheeled type 1. Slow speed 1. Greater speed 2. More compact and powerful and can handle heavier jobs 2. Con handle only lighter jobs 3. Costly 3. Cheaper 4. Cost of operation and maintenance is high 4. Operational and maintenance cost is less 5. Stick control for steering 5. Wheel steering control 6. Moves on rough roads only 6. Moves on rough as well as good roads 7. Used for short distances 7.Used for longer distances 8. Requires skillful operation, maintenance and repairs Construction 8. Lesser skills required for operations, maintenance and repairs Equipments 43

50. EARTH COMPACTION EQUIPMENTS Types Smooth – wheel rollers Sheep – foot rollers Construction Equipments ‹#›

51. Plain steel rollers Self – propelled (5 to 25 tonnes) No deep compaction Rear wheels are larger in diameter and the front ones are wider Diesel engine type Compaction is by static weight of roller Suitability: Granular soils Sand Gravel Crushed stones Smooth-Wheel Rollers Construction Equipments ‹#›

52. Smooth-Wheel Rollers Construction Equipments ‹#›

53. Hollow steel drum with projected feet mounted at 100 to 200 mmc/c Weight - 15 tonnes Speed - 25 km/hr Compaction is by kneading action In convertible rollers the foot plate can be removed In turn foot rollers the individual sheep foot can be changed Suitability: Clay, predominantly cohesive and impervious soil Sheep-Foot Rollers Construction Equipments ‹#›

54. Sheep-Foot Rollers Construction Equipments ‹#›

55. Sheep-Foot Rollers Construction Equipments ‹#›

56. Construction Equipments ‹#› PILE DRIVING EQUIPMENT Pile is a structural member driven into the ground for the purpose of transferring surface loads They are effective at an economical cost Equipments needed: Pile driven rigs Guide leaders Pile driving hammers Additional aids for pre boring, jetting etc. Boiler for steam raising or air compressor.

57. Pile Driving Rigs provide basic operation of lifting the pile, holding the pile in position, hammering it into the ground or of pulling it out of the ground and guiding the pile in the desired direction of movements. It supports the boom, the winch, mechanism, driving hammer, the guiding leaders and a platform for mounting the auxiliary equipment such as jet pumps, drilling auger etc. Types Skid mounted Crane mounted Floating rigs Pile Driven Rigs Construction Equipments ‹#›

58. 1.Skid Mounted rigs Construction Equipments ‹#›

59. 1.Skid Mounted rigs Construction Equipments ‹#›

60. 2.Crane Mounted rigs Construction Equipments ‹#›

61. 2.Crane Mounted rigs Construction Equipments ‹#›

62. 3.Floating rigs Construction Equipments ‹#›

63. The leaders guide the pile and the hammer during operation which extents to the entire height of the rigs. In case pile driven below the rigs in to excavations or trenches extensible leaders are used. It enable hammer to deliver blow axially to pile. Guiding leaders Construction Equipments ‹#›

64. Guiding leaders Construction Equipments ‹#›

65. Guiding leaders Construction Equipments ‹#›

66. Hammers Types Drop hammer Single acting hammer Double acting hammer Differential acting hammer Vibratory hammer Construction Equipments ‹#›

67. HAULING EQUIPMENTS Hauling is defined as movement of materials from one place to another place. Equipments used for this process is hauling equipments. Types 1.Dump trucks 2.Dumpers Construction Equipments ‹#›

68. Side Dump Truck Construction Equipments ‹#›

69. Bottom Dump Truck Construction Equipments ‹#›

70. High speed pneumatic wheeled trucks with short chasis and strong bodies. Suitable for short hauls on rough roads and specially where a shuttle movement is required. 2.Dumpers Construction Equipments ‹#›

71. Construction Equipments ‹#› EQUIPMENTS FOR MATERIAL HANDLING & ERECTION OF STRUCTURES

72. Construction Equipments 6 Types Handling devices or Hoisting equipments 1. Block and tackle 2. Hoists 3. Elevators Vertical motion devices 1. Hand trucks 2.Narrow gauge rail road Tractors & trailors Skids Pipeline Horizontal motion device Combination devices Chute Fork lift truck Cranes 6

73. Vertical Motion Devices >> 1. Block and tackle Oldest & Simplest one. Use only mechanical power. Inexpensive device. But, Waste of manpower. Construction Equipments ‹#›

74. Block and Tackle Construction Equipments ‹#›

75. Construction Equipments 69 Vertical Motion Devices >> 2. Hoist Operated b/w fixed guide rails. Operated by Hand, Compressed air or by electric power. Same as elevators but operator does not go up but operated from one point to others.

76. Vertical Motion Devices >> 3. Elevators Same as Hoists but operator can go up with the load. Electrical type elevator is best. If not Hydraulic type elevator is used. Construction Equipments ‹#›

77. Horizontal Motion Devices >> 1 . Hand Trucks Simplest one still in use. Require large manpower to use. Advantages are small cost, flexibility, easy transportation from one place to another place. Construction Equipments ‹#›

78. Hand Trucks Equipments Construction ‹#›

79. Horizontal Motion Devices 2. Narrow Gauge Rail Road Very Expensive. Used in industries like blast furnace, copper refineries, steel rolling operations etc. Construction Equipments ‹#›

80. Horizontal Motion Devices 3. Tractors & Trailors Most widely used. Different tailors can be attached to tractors. Less costly than narrow gauge rail. Construction Equipments ‹#›

81. Horizontal Motion Devices 4.Skids Wheeled or Plain trollies over which materials are loaded and picked up by lift trucks. Used to transfer load from position to position. Construction Equipments ‹#›

82. Horizontal Motion Devices 5. Pipeline Pipeline and pumps are used for horizontal transportation of materials. Used to transfer fluids and gaseous materi al. Construction Equipments ‹#›

83. Combination Devices >> 1. Chute Used for both horizontal and vertical movements. May be straight or spiral forms. Used in Packing industry, Railway & Air terminals. Construction Equipments ‹#›

84. CHUTE Construction Equipments ‹#›

85. Combination Devices >> 2. Fork Lift Truck It is provided with fork which receives the load at G.L. & elevates hydraulically to desired height. No need of Manual lifting. Self loading & unloading. Construction Equipments ‹#›

86. They may be electrically operated, diesel operated or electric drive. diesel- Classification: Derrick cranes. Mobile cranes. Tower cranes. Combination Devices >> 3. Crane Used in construction projects, shipping, industries etc. Construction Equipments ‹#›

87. PARTS: * Mast TYPES: * boom * bull wheel. * Guy-derrick OPERATION: * stiff leg derrick. The boom can revolve through 360 degree . It can carry loads upto 200 tons. When the load is less than 50 tons guy ropes are replaced by trussed structure. Stiff leg derrick can carry 7- 50 tons. Combination Devices >> 3.i Derrick Crane Construction Equipments ‹#›

88. Derrick Crane Uses: Loading and unloading cargoes at ports. To handle loose materials like sand, ballast, coal. In construction projects, industrial, multistoreyed building construction. Plant errection. Construction Equipments ‹#›

89. Derrick Crane Construction Equipments ‹#›

90. Combination Devices >> 3.ii Mobile Crane They are either crawler mounted or wheel mounted. Crawler mounted are highly maneuverable and operate on unmade ground. Suitable for rough terrains. Operate in a limited area. Truck mounted cranes have high mobility. Speed - 70-75 km/hr. Load – 3 to 160 tons. Construction Equipments ‹#›

91. Derrick Crane Construction Equipments ‹#›

92. Mobile Crane Construction Equipments ‹#›

93. Combination Devices >> 3.iii Tower Crane It has a truss structure welded from angle bars and channels. Ladders are provided for ease. They can be assembled and dismantled. Used in industrial and residential high rise building. Also commonly used in industrial plants with steel structures. Construction Equipments ‹#›

94. Tower Crane Construction Equipments ‹#›

95. Tower Crane Construction Equipments ‹#›

96. Construction Equipments ‹#› BATCHING, MIXING AND PLACING OF CONCRETE

97. Proportionating the ingredients of concrete for a particular mix. Weigh batching is commonly used. Types Manual batching Semi - automatic batching 3.Automatic batching BATCHERS Construction Equipments ‹#›

98. Concrete Batcher Construction Equipments ‹#›

99. Mixing all the ingredients of concrete to make a mix of specified consistency Factors governing mixing: Correct setting of machine Proper cleaning of blades Sequence of material charged Timely supply of water Direction of in - flow Speed and time of mixing Types: Drum type mixers - tilting & non - tilting Pan type mixers CONCRETE MIXERS Construction Equipments ‹#›

100. Concrete Mixers Construction Equipments ‹#›

101. Usually done through buckets carried on rail roads or tracks. Dump trucks and belt conveyors are also used. Cable ways can be used or the hoisting of buckets may be done with the help of cranes. CONCRETE PLACERS Construction Equipments ‹#›

102. Concrete Placers Construction Equipments ‹#›

103. Concrete Placers Construction Equipments ‹#›

104. Construction Equipments ‹#› DREDGING EQUIPMENTS

105. DREDGING Used for excavation from river bed, lake, sea for the purpose of deepening them. Types Dipper dredger Back hoe dredger Bucket or ladder dredger 4.Grab dredger 5. Suction dredger Construction Equipments ‹#›

106. 1. Dipper Dredger Construction Equipments ‹#›

107. 2. Back Hoe Dredger Construction Equipments ‹#›

108. Construction Equipments 102 3. Ladder Dredger

109. 3. Ladder Dredger Construction Equipments ‹#›

110. 4. Grab Dredger Construction Equipments ‹#›

111. 4. Grab Dredger ents Construction Equipm ‹#›

112. Construction Equipments ‹#› TRENCHERS

113. Consists of a pair of circular rims connected by u shaped buckets or cutters. Self propelled. The excavating device is connected to a means of conveying. Width Depth - 12 m - 3 m Operation: * Cable drive WHEEL TRENCHERS Construction Equipments ‹#›

114. Uses: >> For laying Water, gas, oil pipe lines Telephone cables Drainage Sewers WHEEL TRENCHERS Construction Equipments ‹#›

115. Wheel Trenchers Construction Equipments ‹#›

116. Ladder Type Trenchers SIMILAR TO WHEEL TRENCHER EXCEPT BUCKETS ARE PROVIDED WITH CHAIN LINKS ON LADDER TYPE FRAME OR BOOM. ADVANTAGES: FASTER AND CHEAPER. DIGS NECESSARY DEPTH. CONTINUOUS PROCESS. Construction Equipments ‹#›

117. Ladder Type Trenchers Construction Equipments ‹#›

118. Feller buncher Uses: It is used in logging. It is a motorized vehicle with an attachment that can rapidly cut and gather several trees before felling them.

119. Uses: A skidder is any type of heavy vehicle used in a logging operation for pulling cut trees out of a forest in a process called "skidding", in which the logs are transported from the cutting site to a landing. Skidder

120. Uses: In civil engineering, a wheel tractor-scraper is a piece of heavy equipment used for earthmoving . Scrapper

121. Uses: A pile driver is a mechanical device used to drive piles (poles) into soil to provide foundation support for buildings or other structures. The term is also used in reference to members of the construction crew that work with pile-driving rigs. Pile Driver

122. Uses: Tamping machine or ballast tamper is a machine used to pack (or tamp) the track ballast under railway tracks to make the tracks more durable. Prior to the introduction of mechanical tampers, this task was done by manual labour with the help of beaters . Tamping Machine

123. Uses: Used to move heavy load. Carry load vertically. Tower Crane

124. Uses: Crushers is used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled It is used to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated. Stone Crusher

125. Uses: Used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. It may also be used for microtunneling. It can bore through anything from hard rock to sand . Tunnel Drilling Machines

126. Uses: It provide power. A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in an external circuit. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids . Generator

127. Uses: The prime objective of soil stabilization is to improve the California Bearing Ratio of in-situ soils by 4 to 6 times. The other prime objective of soil stabilization is to improve on-site materials to create a solid and strong sub-base and base courses. It is used in road construction. Soil Stabilizer

128. Uses: It is used for concrete curing. It is very easy to move. It spray water all over the concrete . Concrete Curing Equipment

129. THANK YOU Construction Equipments ‹#›