Contouring, Terracing and Strip Planting by Muhammad Zuhair.pptx

Contouring, Terracing and Strip Planting by Muhammad Zuhair
class presentation by Farhan Ahmad group

1. Contouring, Terracing and Strip P lanting By Muhammad Zuhair C.No.250 Department of Agronomy Faculty of Crop Production Sciences The University of Agriculture Peshawar

2. Contouring The idea is to break the slope of the land into smaller, more level compartments by constructing mechanical structures of suitable size along contours. Each bund, thus, holds the rainwater within each compartment and control the erosion.

3. Locations and conditions for use Contouring are particularly suited to countries or communities with the following macro conditions: • Severe erosion hazards • Areas with small holdings and a dense population. • Areas where there are food shortages or high unemployment rates. • Areas where crops require flood irrigation

4. The rice terraces and valleys of Jati Luwih , Bedugul , Central Bali. Terracing: On steeper slopes, terraces or flat platforms are constructed in steps in a series along the slope. This way water is retained on each terrace which can be used to raise crops . • It is an engineering soil conservation practice • It is also called bench terracing.

5. Types of Terracing 1. Level or Table top terrace 2. Sloping inwards 3. Sloping outwards 4. Conservation type terrace

6. Level or Table top terrace Table top terrace are suitable for: • Areas receiving medium rainfall • Areas having highly permeable and deep soils

7. Sloping inwards terrace Sloping inwards bench terrace are suitable for: • Areas receiving heavy rainfall . • It is useful for crops susceptible to water lodging. • Runoff towards hillside .

8. Sloping outwards terrace: Sloping outwards bench terrace are suitable for: • Areas receiving low rainfall & permeable soil of medium depth. at lower ends graded channels are provided for safe disposal of runoff

9. Conservation type terrace In this type of terrace: • Modified form of level terrace • Use moisture of uncropped area • Barrier is established across the land at suitable interval and the terrace is developed by pushing soil downhill and subsequent natural leveling.

10. Strip Planting. This practice consists of growing erosion-permitting crops (Barley, maize) in alternate strips with erosion checking close- growing crops (grasses, pulses). The erosion checking strips check and hold the flowing water and soil.

11. Advantages • Reduces the soil erosion. • Aesthetical value • Intensive land use. • Economically beneficial. • Availability of food for local area. • Flood chances can be reduce. • Improves the condition of the slope for plant establishment. • Reduces runoff velocities and increases infiltration.

12. Disadvantages • Highly labor demand and time consuming. • Increased cost relative to alternative slope stabilization techniques. • Can be complicated to design and install, and may fail if not properly designed and installed.

13. Terraces in northern Luzon Philippines 2000-B.C

14. Citrus Orchard in southern France

15. Lebanon hill side

16. Level bench terracing in Japan

17. Swat Valley, Pakistan

18. Kashmir, Pakistan