Contributions of renowned scientists in Microbiology

Contributions of renowned scientists in Microbiology

1. Contributions Of Renowned Scientists In Microbiology Ms Saajida Sultaana Mahusook

2. ANTON VON LEEUWENHOEK “Father of Bacteriology” He was the first to observe  bacteria  and  protozoa . Leeuwenhoek made microscopes consisting of a single high-quality lens of very short focal length. In 1674 he observed protozoa and bacteria and named them as “animalcules”, he was able to isolate from different sources, such as rainwater, pond and well water, and the human mouth and intestine.

3. ROBERT KOCH   Founder of Modern B acteriology

4. Koch continued to improve his methods and techniques. By solidifying liquids such as broth with gelatine and agar, for instance, he created a solid medium for growing bacteria which was easier to handle than the liquids used by Pasteur. Koch's assistant Julius Richard Petri (1852-1921) developed the  Petri dish , which made the observation of bacteria even easier .

5. Isolated Mucobacterium tuberculosis  responsible for  tuberculosis  (1882) Isolated Vibrio cholerae   responsible for  cholera   (1883). Isolated Bacillus anthracis   responsible for  anthrax ( 1876 ). Koch and his team also developed ways of  staining  bacteria to improve the bacteria’s visibility under the  microscope , and were able to identify the bacterial causes of  tuberculosis , anthrax   and   cholera .  

6. Koch’s Postulates

7. Louis Pasteur “Father of Microbiology”

8. Disproved the theory of Spontaneous Generation

9. Pasteurization of milk,   beer and   wine . Fermentation by microorganisms

10. Pasteur effect S tudies with fermentation led Pasteur to the unexpected discovery that the fermentation process could be arrested by passing air ( oxygen ) through the fermenting fluid, a process. He concluded that this was due to the presence of a life-form that could function only in the absence of oxygen. H e introduced the terms  aerobic  and  anaerobic  to designate organisms that live in the presence or absence of oxygen, respectively. He further proposed that the phenomena occurring during  putrefaction  were due to specific germs that function under anaerobic conditions.

11. Pebrine disease of silkworm brought a huge devastation to the silkworm nurseries. His research succeeded in saving the  silk  industry through a method that enabled the preservation of healthy silkworm eggs and prevented their contamination by the disease-causing organisms.   Germ theory of disease s tates that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms, organisms too small to be seen except through a microscope. 

12. D eveloped   vaccines  against  anthrax  and  rabies

13. Edward Jenner

14. Discovered of  vaccination  for  smallpox . In 1796 Jenner found a young dairymaid, Sarah Nelmes , who had fresh cowpox lesions on her hand. U sing matter from Sarah’s lesions, he  inoculated  an eight-year-old boy, James Phipps, who had never had smallpox. Phipps became slightly ill over the course of the next 9 days but was well on the 10th. On July 1 Jenner inoculated the boy again, this time with smallpox matter. No disease developed; protection was complete. In 1798 Jenner, having added further cases, published privately a slender book entitled  An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae .

15. ROBERT HOOKE

16. He observed the microscopic honeycomb cavities in  cork .  Coined the term ‘’cell’’ and published his findings in Micrographia

17. Francesco Redi

18. Francesco Redi's spontaneous generation experiment using jars of meat . In the first jar, with the meat sealed inside by a stopper, maggots did not appear on the meat; in the second jar, covered with mesh, maggots also did not appear on the meat; but in the third jar, without a cover, maggots did appear on the meat and developed into flies .

19. John Needham Needham's experiment on spontaneous generation : Needham heated the broth, let it sit uncovered for several days, then observed microorganisms in the fluid . Needham heated the broth, let it sit covered for several days, then observed microorganisms in the fluid which may be because the cork and flask were not sterile. A B

20. He boiled broth in two bottles, left one bottle open and one closed, He found that new microorganisms appeared only in the open bottle. His conclusion: the microorganisms entered the bottle through the air; they were not generated spontaneously in the broth.

21. Find the Scientist and his contribution !

22. Reference: www.britannica.com https:// www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Biology/2/Origins-of-Life-I/226 https://www.philpoteducation.com/mod/book/view.php?id=779&chapterid=1034#/ www.google.com(images) THANK YOU