Conversion of microalgal biomass into biodiesel

Conversion of microalgal biomass into biodiesel

2. CONTENTS
•What is biodiesel?
•Environmental and socio Economic benefits
•BioDiesel production process
•Transesterification process
•JATROPHA-SUITED Raw material

3. •Blending of biodiesel
•Conventional use
•Unconventional use
•Biodiesel cycle
•Constraints to biodiesel development
•Disadvantage of biodiesel
•Conclusion

4. WHAT S BIO DIESEL?
•It is a renewable and natural domestic fuel extracted from animal fats or
vegetable oils, mostly from
•Soya bean
•Rapeseed
•BioDiesel
•Jatropha
•Biodiesel is a general name given for methyl esters obtained from organic
feedstock.

6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC
BENEFITS
•It is biodegradable, renewable and nontoxic in nature.
•Extremely low emission of greenhouse gases as compared to fossil fuels.
•Increase in trade balance (Indian perspective) due to lesser dependence on
foreign resources.
•Promoting environmental protection & energy security in the country.
•Meeting climate change commitments.

7. •Meeting climate change commitments.
•Growing variety of crops increases bio diversity.
•Promoting renewable energy sources.
•Generating rural employment opportunitiesBiodiesel

8. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESS
•Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats and an alcohol, through
a transesterification reaction.
•Stages of Transesterification:
•Treatment of raw material
•Alcohol catalyst mixing
•Chemical reaction
•Separation of reaction products
•Purification of reaction products

9. TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS
•Transesterificationisachemicalreactionwheretriglycerideisreactedwith
alcoholinthepresenceofcatalyststoproducealkylesters.

11. JATROPHA-SUITED RAW MATERIAL
•Plantsareable to produce seeds between 1 and 5 years depending on soil
fertility and rainfall, and continuetoproduceseedsformorethan20
years.
•Seedyieldundercultivation can range from 1,500 to 2,000 kg per
hectare.
•The seeds contain average 34.4% oil by weight that can be processed to
produce a high quality biodiesel fuel.

12. •▸The yield of biodiesel per hectare forJatrophaismorethanfourtimes
as much fuel per hectare as soybean, anduptotentimestothatofcorn.

13. BLENDING OF BIODIESEL
•Blending is the process of mixing of biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based
diesel fuel designated as BXX.
•Where XX is the volume percent of biodiesel.

15. CONVENTIONAL USE
•Biodiesel can be used as pure form (B100) or mixed with diesel in all new
diesel engines.
•For older engines produced before 1993 some modification is required as
rubber made valves caps and pipes dissolves in biodiesel.

16. UNCONVENTIONAL USE
•Hydrogenfuelcell
•Microreactor to produce hydrogen stream for HFC.
•CleaningupOilSpills
•Cytosol used to clean and dissolve crude oil spills.
•Generatingelectricity
•Backup generator using B100.
•HomeHeating
•B20 reduces emission of Soxemissions from boilers used to heat home.

17. THE BIODIESEL CYCLE

18. CONSTRAINTS TO BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENT
•EnvironmentalConstraints
•A considerable debate exists over the magnitude of direct and indirect
GHG emissions from biofuels.
•The intensive cultivation of energy crops is expected to produce adverse
environmental impacts on soil and groundwater, and to result in
deforestation and loss of biodiversity.

19. •FoodsecurityConstraints
•Biofuel feedstock production competes with food, fibre and timber for
land, water and fertilizers.
•This competition could affect food security.
•Demand for feedstock crops such as maize and sugarcane has contributed
significantly to global food price volatility, especially in grain markets.

20. •TradeConstraints
•First generation biofuels are rarely economically competitive with
petroleum fuels.
•Rising demand for vegetable oil, under pressure from the biofuel
mandate, has resulted in a rapid increase in vegetable oil prices with
negative impacts on biofuel costs and food prices.

21. DISADVANTAGE OF BIODIESEL
•Slightly higher fuel consumption due to the lower calorific value of
biodiesel.
•Slightly higher nitrous oxide (Nox) emissions than diesel fuel.
•Higher freezing point than diesel fuel. This may be inconvenient in cold
climates.
•It is less stable than diesel fuel, and therefore long-term storage (more
than six months) of biodiesel is not recommended.

22. CONCLUSION
•As there appears to be a general agreement that the era of cheap oil’ has
ended, it is essential for India to look for alternative (renewable fuel)
options such as biofuels (Biodiesel and Bioethanol) to provide energy
security and environment protection.