Cooling and Water design scenario for plant

Cooling water design

1. Cooling AND WATER scenario

2. Open recirculating cooling system Using Cooling Tower for whole plant cooling system Water make up will be drawn from river or aquifer (subsurface or void) High water consumption for make up (around 3030 m 3 / hr ) Biggest river ( Bengalon River) is about 20 – 30 km away from site plant No existing pipeline or supporting infrastructure is available yet Alternatively using ex pit void or subsurface water

3. SEA WATER ONCE THROUGH cooling Using Sea water as cooling for whole plant by once through Sea water treatment is required to prevent scaling or bio-fouling due to water quality Large volumetric rate of sea water (140406 m 3 / hr ) Material shall be considered to avoid corrosion and maintenance cycle Lower water consumption for make up if recycle process water is applied (around 420 m 3 / hr ) Possibility for desalination plant or subsurface Requires water intake and outfall system as high volumetric sea water consumption Possibility to increase cost due to selective material and maintenance equipment particularly HE and small or middle size cooler/condenser

4. MIX WATER Cooling system Using Sea Water as cooling for turbine condenser by once through and closed loop system Process cooling water shall be cooled in closed cooling loop Water make up should be re-calculated due to loss of blow down from process cooling Process heat exchanger or cooler may utilize fresh water Requires closed loop system calculation (design and investment)

5. DUAL AIR and WATER COOLING SYSTEM Using air cooling system for process cooling such distillation or solvent regeneration Sea water will be utilized for turbine condenser Requires more area for air cooling systems Air condition has great effect to cooling performance

6. Water SOURCE Desalination and sub surface water may apply Typical RO Sea Water Desalination has 40 – 45% water recovery Thermal Sea Water produces better water distillate quality (lower TDS than RO product water) Capital Cost of RO is higher than other desalination method (MED or Stage Vaporization) but low in operating cost, estimated U$ 0.8 – 0.85/m 3 depending on scale and water quality Requires subsurface study if underground water will be drawn Government permit must be applied if using subsurface water with limitation on quantity