Copy2-Microbiology practiclllllllal.pptx

Copy2-Microbiology practicllllllla

1. A. Identify the fungus in the micrograph? - Ans: Cryptococcus neoformans B. What type of fungus is it? - Ans: Yeast C. Mention 2 stains that can be used to identify this fungus? - Ans: i. India ink ii. Mucicarmine D. What type of stain is mentioned in C.? - Ans: Negative staining technique NOTE: India ink stains the background & not the yeast cell. Used primarily on CSF and for demonstration of capsules Limitations: - Only for presumptive identifications - Cryptococci may not produce discernible capsules in vitro Fat droplets, WBCs, & tissue cells are sometimes confused

2. A. What is the lactophenol cotton blue composed of? - Ans: i. Phenol ii. Lactic acid iii. Cotton blue B. List the function of the 2 elements on the LPCB? - Ans: i. Phenol - Kills any live organism present ii. Lactic acid - Preserves the fungi’s structure iii. Cotton blue - Stains the the chitin and cellulose of the fungal cell wall intensely blue C. Mention 2 fungal elements that can be identified from the micrograph? - Ans: i. Conidia head ii. Conidiospore NOTE: LPCB most widely used method of staining and observing fungi . Limitations: - Only for presumptive identifications - solution may disrupt the original morphology of fungi - can not be stored for a long period - can only be used to identify mature fungi Aspergillus flavus Candida albicans

3. A. Identify the fungus in the micrograph? - Ans: Aspergillus niger B. What type of fungus is it? - Ans: Filamentous fungi (1º site: lung) C. On what media can the fungi be cultured? - Ans: Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar D. List 2 components of the medium in C.? - Ans: i. Dextrose ii. Peptone iii. Agar E. What is the required optimal temp for the growth? - Ans: 30ºC or at room temperature (22-25°C). relative humidity of 40% to 50% NOTE: SDA facilitates the appearance of the slow-growing fungi by inhibiting the growth of bacteria due to the low pH (4.5-5.5) of the medium and use of antibiotics. Limitations: - It takes many days to obtain culture results - The sensitivity of the culture varies with diseases Aspergillus niger Candida albicans

4. Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus terreus Aspergillus flav us

5. A. Identify ? - Ans: Hemagglutination assay B. Protein present on viral surface? - Ans: Hemagglutinins C. Organism? - Ans: i. Rubella virus ii. Influenza NOTE: Antibodies is present in Hemagglutination inhibition assay not in Hemagglutination assay Limitations: - does not always differentiate between infectious and noninfectious viral particles

6. A. Identify with specificity this procedure? - Ans: Antibiotic sensibility test B. Medium of choice for the procedure ? - Ans: Muller Hinton Agar C. Temperate of incubation for the test? - Ans: 35-37°C D. How best will you describe atmosphere ? - Ans: Ambient O2 is about 1-10% conc E. Clinical use of this test? - Ans: For selection of sensitive and appropriate antibiotics and to determine resistance of microorganisms

7. A. Identify ? - Ans: S warming B. Organism capable? - Ans: Prote U S spp. (due to the motility) C. Usefulness? - Ans: i. Identification ii. To maximize nutrients on the agar D. Prevention? - Ans: by culturing the organism on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar CLED E. Positive blochemical test for Organism ? - Ans: U rea S e test

8. A. Identify ? - Ans: Hazmat Jacket B. ? - Ans: PPE - Personal Protective Equipment C. Hospital unit? - Ans: i. isolation centre ii. infectious disease unit D. Situation ? - Ans: Suspicion of the infectious disease outbreak & A/E E. Describe 4 components to be worn? - Ans: i. Goggles ii. Hand Gloves iii. Face mask/ shield iv. Boots

9. A. Identify ? - Ans: Compound light microscope. B. State principle of operation? - Ans: it works based on the principle of magnification. C. Important maintenance culture after use? - Ans: i. the microscope should be covered and returned back into the box/ cupboard after use ii. it should be carried carefully using the handle D. Non replaceable parts? - Ans: i. condenser ii. fine and coarse adjustment knobs E. Procedures used for in microbiology? - Ans: i. Gram staining M icroscopy ii. M otility test (hanging drop technique)

10. A. Identify ? - Ans: Anaerobic Jar B. what is its use in clinical microbiology? - Ans: it is used to generate an anaerobic environment for the growth of anaerobic bacteria C. what is the equation of reaction taking place in the medium ? - Ans: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O D. Name organisms that grows in it ? - Ans: Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium tetani, Actinomycete E. Name organisms that will not grow in it ? - Ans: P. aeruginosa, M. tuberculosis, S aureus, S.pneumonia F. what is the catalyst used? - Ans: palladium- coated aluminum pellets or platinum Chemical indicator : Methylene blue strips Biological Indicator: A culture of pseudomonas DOC for innfection: Metronidazole, Cephtriaxone

11. A. Identify ? - Ans: Candle extinction Jar B. Mention 4 organisms that can grow on it ? - Ans: i) Bordetella spp. ii) Haemophilius influenza iii) Neisseria meningitidis iv) Streptococcus pneumonia C. What is the catalyst and indicator used ? - Ans: No catalyst or indicator is used D. Name the principle/ condition of the environment ? - Ans: The candle produce CO₂ Enriched medium which has little O₂ content ( the percentage of oxygen left will be given in the lab)

12. A. Identify ? - Ans: Autoclave B. what is its use in clinical microbiology ? - Ans: used to sterlize media C. Operational temperature? - Ans: 121°C D. Operational duration ? - Ans: 15 - 20 minutes. E. Biological indicators? - Ans: i.Geobacillus stearothermophilus ii. Thermocouple iii. B rowne's tube iv. Autoclave tapes

13. A. Declorizer? - Ans: A C etone / a C id al C ohol B. Biochemical test for further isolation? - Ans: i. C atalase test ii. C oagulase test C. 2 Likely bacteria? - Ans: i. Staphylo C occus ii. Strepto C occus D. One other specimen that you would like to culture from patient? - Ans: Blood C ulture

14. A. Identify ? - Ans: Ziehl–Neels en staining B. Organism isolated? - Ans: i. Mycobacteria spp ii. Norcardia C. Diagnosis? - Ans: M. tuberculosis i n fection D. Drugs useful ? - Ans: i. Iso niazid ii. Rifamp in E. Control ? - Ans: i. Iso lation ii. Monitor in g

15. A. Toxin responsible? - Ans: Hemo L Y sin or streptolysin B. Importance of phenomenom? - Ans: To classify streptococcus based on hemolytic pattern and identification C. One bacterium capable of this feature? - Ans: Streptococcus agala cti ae Streptococcus PY ogens D. Biochemical test to confirm named organism ? - Ans: i. PY R(L-Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase) ii. Ba cit racin E. Identify ? - Ans: Beta hemolysis (i) To culture common non-fastidious organism (ii) To demonstate b-hemolysis

16. A. Identify the culture medium above? - Ans: Chocolate agar B. what phenomenon is demonstrated on it? - Ans: Alpha heamolysis C. list 2 organisms that exhibit the phenomenon ? - Ans: Streptococcus viridians Streptococus pneumonia D. how are the organisms differentiated ? - Ans: Optochin test E. state 2 uses of the medium ? - Ans: (i) to demonstrate alpha heamolysis (ii) to culture or grow fastidious organisms e.g H. influenza, N. meningitidis

17. A. Identify ? - Ans: Lactose fermentation on MacConkey agar B. Sugar fermented ? - Ans: Lactose sugar C. Indicator? - Ans: Neutral red D. M icrobiological importance ? - Ans: It is used to classify enterobacteriaciae into lactose fermenters and non lactose fermenters E. Organism that exhibit? - Ans: i. Escherichia coli ii. Klebsiella spp L actose fermenters: - Citobacter spp - Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli - Klebsiella spp Non-Lactose fermenters: - Shigella spp - Proteus spp, Yersinia coli - S almonella spp

18. A. Identify ? - Ans: Armadillo B. I mportance ? - Ans: M. leprae reservoir C. Spectrum of diseases associated with it? - Ans: Tuberculoid (TT) Borderline Tuberculoid (BT) Borderline Borderline (BB) Borderline Lepromatous (BL) Lepromatous Leprosy (LL)

19. A. Identify ? - Ans: Opthalmia neonatarium B. Causative agent? - Ans: Neisseria gonorrhea Chlamydia trachomatis C. Most dreaded complication ? - Ans: Blindness D. Drugs recommended? - Ans: Silver nitrate Macrolides (Erythromycin) E. Mode of Transmission? - Ans: Contact on passage through the birth canal

20. A. Diagnosis? - Ans: Ruptured bubo B. Specific agent ? - Ans: Chlamydia trachomatis C. Transmission - Ans: Sexual contact

21. A. Epidemiological Significance ? - Ans: Rapid assessment method for community diagnosis of onchocercal epidemicity (RAMCDOE) 2) to prioritize communities that need large scale distribution of ivermectin B. National strategy? - Ans: large scale distribution of ivermectin to endemic communities with uninterrupted / continous health education C. What is the intermediate Host? - Ans: Simulium damnosum (Black fly) D. What is the terminal complication of the disease? - Ans: Blindness ** A Human leg with hypopigmentation (leopard skin) as a result of Onchocerciasis)

22. A. Identify ? - Ans: S chistosoma mansoni B. I ntermediate host ? - Ans: Biomphalaria S nails C. Asexual reproduction in intermediate host? - Ans: Polyembryogeny D. Infective stage in man? - Ans: Cercaria larva `NB: they were two (male and female)`

23. A. Identify ? - Ans: S imulium damnosum (Black fly) B. Disease? - Ans: Onchocerciasis C. What is the terminal complication of the disease? - Ans: Blindness D. Simple lab diagnosis? - Ans: S kin snip biopsy E. Drug of choice? - Ans: Ivermectin

24. A. Identify ? - Ans: Ova of tapeworm B. Species of parasites:? - Ans: Taenia solium and Taenia saginata C. Infective stage of man ? - Ans: Cysticercus larvae D. Diagnostic method? - Ans: Stool examination(by the presence of egg in stool) E. Drug of choice? - Ans: Niclosamide

25. A. Identify ? - Ans: Try P anosoma brucei B. Specimen for d iagnosis ? - Ans: Blood taken with EDTA bottle C. Vectors? - Ans: Tse tse fly , Kissing bugs D. Disease? - Ans: Trypanosomiasis E. Drug of choice? - Ans: Niclosamide

26. A. Identify ? - Ans: Malaria parasite B. Staining method? - Ans: Giemsa stain C. Stages seen in peripheral blood film? - Ans: Trophozoites , Schizoites D. Stage of parasite infective to host? - Ans: Gametocytes E. Two other specie? - Ans: P. ovale, P. vivax

27. A. Identify ? - Ans: Echinoc occ us granulosus B. What is the intermediate host? - Ans: Ungulates / herbivores e.g. co w, sheep C. What is the final host/ primary host? - Ans: C anine e.g. dogs, foxes D. What is the lab diagnostic test? - Ans: Indirect Hemagglutination C ansoni’s test- Intradermal Latex-Fl occ ulation test E. Drug of choice? - Ans: Praziquantel (surgical removal of cysts)

28. A. Identify ? - Ans: S C histosoma hemato biu m B. I nfective stage to man ? - Ans: C ercaria larva C. Mode of transmission? - Ans: S kin ( per C utaneous) penetration D. Intermediate host? - Ans: Bu linus spp >>> U rinary E. Drug of choice? - Ans: Pra ziquantel

29. A. Identify ? - Ans: A scaris lu m bricoid e s B. I nfective stage to man ? - Ans: E m bryonated e gg C. Mode of transmission? - Ans: ingestion of food or water that is contaminated by the embryonated egg (soil: fecal-oral) D. Intermediate host? - Ans: None (Direct life cycle) E. Drug of choice? - Ans: A lbendazole, M ebendazole F. How is it diagnosed? - Ans: diagnosis is by identification of egg in stool

30. A. Identify ? - Ans: Adult female Dran C uncu L us medinensis B. I nfective stage to man ? - Ans: L3 larva C. Mode of transmission? - Ans: ) by drinking water contaminated by Cyclops carrying the infective L3 larva D. Intermediate host? - Ans: C yclops (copepod) or water flea E. Drug of choice? - Ans: There is no drug of choice (manual or surgical worm extraction)

31. A. Identify o rganism? - Ans: C ryptococcus neoformans B. Name of stain ? - Ans: Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Stain C. Basis or principle of s taining ? - Ans: It is the chemical attraction between tissue and dye H stains acidic part while E stains basic part of cell D. Sample ? - Ans: C SF, lung tissue, skin E. Name a diagnostic test? - Ans: F. Likely clinical diagnosis ? - Ans: Cryptococcoal meningitis Other stains: Period acid Schiff stain

32. A. Identify ? - Ans: Oral candidiasis B. Confirmatory test ? - Ans: Microscopy, culture, serology C. Predisposing factors? - Ans: neglected hygiene, use of dentures D. Other samples? - Ans: Vaginal swab E. ? - Ans:

33. A. Identify ? - Ans: Hemagglutination assay B. Protein present on viral surface? - Ans: Hemagglutinins C. Organism? - Ans: i. Rubella virus ii. Influenza B. Minimum inhibitory concentration? - Ans: A = 8(1:256) B = 7(1:128) B. HA titre? - Ans: Minimum viral titre needed for agglutination reaction

34. A. Identify with specificity this procedure? - Ans: Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) mount B. Medium of choice for the procedure? - Ans: C. Temperate of incubation for the test? - Ans: Incubate for 20 min. at 37o C to digest keratin. D. How best will you describe atmosphere ? - Ans: E. Clinical use of this test? - Ans: detects fungal elements present but may not necessarily identify the fungi Septate fungal hyphae of A. flavus in KOH mount Conidial heads of Aspergillus flavus