Corn pest complete

biology of economic agriculture

1. Corn Pest

2. Corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis

3. Taxonomy Common name: C ornleaf aphid Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hemiptera Suborder: Sternorrhyncha Superfamily: Aphidoidea Subfamilies: Eriosomatidae Genus: Rhopalosiphum Scientific name: maidis

4. Description oval wingless adult is approx. 2 mm long P ale bluish-green with black antennae L egs, and cornicles and a dark area around the base of the cornicles The head is marked with two longitudinal dark bands, and the abdomen with a row of black spots on each side The body have a powdery coating. The winged form is about the same size. Host plan usually cereal crop ( maize,wheat,barley )

5. Symptom F irst it will colonize whorl leaves and immature tassel. Will attack pollen shed and stunt the plant. Maize dwarf mosaic virus may spread mostly by green peach aphids. C an render the ears unmarketable.

6. Control Nature : lady beetles lacewing pirate bugs Insecticide : such spinosad . } not adequate control

7. Corn root worm Diabrotica virgifera

8. Taxonomy Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Family: Chrysomelidae Subfamily: Galerucinae Tribe: Luperini Genus: Diabrotica Species: virgifera

9. Description White and slender About 0.5 inch long when fully grown Brown heads Dark plate on the top side of their tails

10. Description Southern adult Yellow to green in color with a black stripe along the sides of their wing covers About 7.5 mm long. Male wing covers are often nearly entirely black or at least darker in pigmentation F emale, which usually appears as more regular stripes. Slight variations in these color patterns may occur. Female adults have larger abdomens than the males.

11. Description Northern adult Tan to pale green beetle about 6 mm long. Newly emerged beetles are usually cream or light brown in color, but gradually turn green with age. No marked differences in coloration exist between sexes, but female beetles with their longer and larger abdomens are typically larger than the males

12. S ymptom R ootworm larvae chew the aerial roots of maize stalks Penetrate the damage root and gain access to the inner stalk. M aize stalks prone to tipping D amaged root served as 2 nd infection S evere root damage result in lodging of corn plants

13. C ontrol E arly planting C rop rotation Insecticide Lorsban 15G Insecticide Lorsban Advanced Insecticide Chlorpyrifos

14. Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda

15. Taxonomy s Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order : Lepidoptera Family : Noctuidae Genus : Spodoptera Species : frugiperda

16. Description Their name is from their behavior moving army-like fashion They migrate as an army to new host plant.. They feed primarily on grass such as oats, wheat, barley and forage grasses. But due to hunger stress, they can be a pest to other plants such maize, radish and sweet potato. Have 4 stages of growth.

17. Egg Egg are usually round shaped 0.75 to 1 mm size in diameter Shiny and smooth on egg surface Flat on the lower surface Bluntly pointed at the top Have sculpturing, lines and ridges on the surface Lay about 100-300 of eggs Egg hatches in 1 to 2 weeks affect by temperature Greenish-white in colour .

18. Larvae Pale green in colour Mature larvae basically yellowish or brownish-green with greenish -brown head mottled. Hairless body mark with three dark longitudinal stripes. Full grown are 30-35 mm long. Active at night feeding on tender leaf tissue.

19. Pupa Brown, reddish-brown or black 13 to 22 mm long The antennae, wing pads and legs are firmly joined together. Abdomen free to twist around if disturbed. At the tip of abdomen have a pairs of hook Live in the soil under debris. Stage duration is up from 7 to 14 days in summer.

20. Adult Are light reddish brown moths with wingspan measuring about 4 cm. The forewing is pointed with white spot at the center. The hind wing are grayish and more lighter. Adults are nocturnal. Active during the evening, feeding on nectar, mating and searching for oviposition side. Eggs are deposited in a row or cluster at the base of plants.

21. Symptom Consume leaf tissue of maize plant. Chewing the leaves, strip the entire plant, and leaving only the midribs of the plant. Move up the plant to feed on panicles and flower. Larvae will feed on the flag leaves, kernels and stems. Also eat the center of the young stalk and destroy the plants.

22. Ways of control Scouting procedure (identify hot spots)- the best time to scout is at night or dawn. Insecticide technique based on the group size. Use BT (Bacillus thruingiensis)- a product that contain toxin that derived from bacterium.

23. Cutworms Agrotis ipsilon

24. Taxonomy Common name: Black cutworm Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Noctuidae Genus: Agrotis Species: Agrotis ipsilon

25. Descriptions Eggs Flattened on top White to dull or off-white in color Ribbed Eggs may be deposited on crop foliage Frequently found on weeds

26. Descriptions Larvae Fully grown larvae range from 1 to 1.75 inches in length Commonly curl into a C-shape when disturbed

27. Descriptions Adult Pale brown forewings with dark brown, black markings Translucent hindwings , greyish white with brown venation hindwings have a thin dark line along the margins of the hindwings Approximately 1 inch long with a wing span of 1.25 to 2 inches

28. Symtomps Attack seedlings Cut seedlings at the base Active eater at night Hide under debris on the soil surface during morning Climb into the host plant to feed

29. Control Spray of insecticide: Ambush Pounce Sevin

30. Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica

31. Taxonomy Common name: Japanese beetle Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Family: Scarabaeidae Genus: Popillia Species: Japonica

32. Descriptions About 0.6 inch long 0.4 inch wide Iridescent copper-colored elytra  Green thorax and head Clumsy flier, dropping several centimeters when it hits a wall

33. Symptoms Attack leaf and fruits Skeletonizing the foliage Consuming only the leaf material between the veins May feed on fruit on the plants if present .

34. Control Soil insecticide (short term control) Traps (large quantity) Soap water spray mixture Shaking a plant in morning } small amount pest

35. Grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis

36. Taxonomy Common name: Differential grasshopper Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Orthoptera Family: Acrididae Subfamily: Melanoplinae Genus: Melanoplus Species: differentialis

37. Description Adult males grow to 28–37 mm Females grow to 34–50 mm Brownish or greenish and as they age the color will darken Male has boot-like appendages at the end of its abdominal tip Inverted chevrons along the hind femur Hind part the tibia is yellowish with black spikes Adults tarsi are yellow along with its antennae

38. Symptoms Kernels in the ear tips, plus along the side of the ear were consumed or heavily scared Exposed eated kernels Complete kernel removal Clip silks (hot & dry conditions)

39. Control Sprays of insecticide Addition of canola oil to insecticide sprays Improve control by making treated foliage more attractive Baits containing carbaryl ( Sevin ) can be used. It would be more effective when the baits are mixed with some insecticide and bran or some other carrier and kill the grasshoppers that feed on that bait.