Coronary circulation and it's function .

Coronary circulation refers to the circulation of blood in the blood vessels of the heart muscle (myocardium). It's crucial for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the heart tissue to support its function. If you have any specific questions about coronary circulation, feel free to ask!
The function of coronary circulation is to supply the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygen, nutrients, and remove waste products to support its metabolic needs and maintain cardiac function. This circulation ensures that the heart itself receives the necessary oxygenated blood to pump effectively, despite the fact that it's constantly working. Without adequate coronary circulation, the heart muscle can become ischemic (lacking oxygen), leading to conditions like angina or myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Coronary circulation is a type of systemic circulation, as it involves the transport of oxygenated blood from the heart (left ventricle) to the tissues of the heart (myocardium) via the coronary arteries, and the return of deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to the right atrium of the heart through the coronary veins. It's a vital part of the overall circulatory system, specifically focusing on the needs of the heart tissue itself.
It seems like you're asking about the type of bench used in studying or observing coronary circulation. There isn't a specific "coronary circulation type bench" per se, but laboratories and medical facilities might have specialized benches or workstations equipped with materials and instruments for studying cardiovascular physiology, including models of the heart, vessels, and monitoring devices. These benches would be designed to facilitate experiments and research related to coronary circulation.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common type of heart disease and the most prevalent cause of heart attacks. It occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque (atherosclerosis). This narrowing restricts blood flow to the heart, leading to symptoms such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and in severe cases, heart attack. Risk factors for coronary artery disease include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, procedures like angioplasty or stent placement, and in some cases, coronary artery bypass surgerysurgery
The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle (myocardium). These arteries originate from the base of the aorta, the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. There are two main coronary arteries: the left coronary artery and the right coronary artery.

1. **Left Coronary Artery (LCA):** The left coronary artery branches into two main arteries:
- **Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery:** This artery supplies blood to the

1. Coronary circulation Dr iranna MD (clinical nutrition 1 st pG )

2. Caronary circulation Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle. Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. Cardiac veins then drain away the blood after it has been deoxygenated the heart is required to function continuously Therefore its circulation is of major importance not only to its own tissues but to the entire body and even the level of consciousness of the brain from moment to moment

3. Physiologic Anatomy of the Coronary Blood Supply

4. Coronary arteries *Coronary arteries  supply blood to the myocardium and other components of the heart *Two coronary arteries originate from the left side of the heart at the beginning (root) left ventricle. *The left coronary artery distributes blood to the left side of the heart, the left atrium and ventricle, and the interventricular septum. * The right coronary artery proceeds along the coronary sulcus and distributes blood to the right atrium, portions of both ventricles, and the heart conduction system

5. Coronary circulation

6. Coronary Circulation About one third of all deaths in industrialized countries of the Western world result from coronary artery disease The left coronary artery supplies mainly the anterior and left lateral portions of the left ventricle, whereas the right coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle, as well as the posterior part of the left ventricle in 80 to 90 percent of people.

7. Most of the coronary venous blood flow from the
left ventricular muscle returns to the right atrium of
the heart by way of the coronary sinus

8. Normal Coronary Blood Flow—About 5 Percent
of Cardiac Output The resting coronary blood flow in the resting human being averages 70ml/min/100 g heart weight, or about 225ml/min, which is about 4 to 5 percent of the total cardiac output During strenuous exercise, the heart in the young adult increases its cardiac output fourfold to sevenfold, and it pumps this blood against a higher than normal arterial pressure. Conseque At the same time, the coronary blood flow increases threefold to fourfold to supply the extra nutrients needed by the heart.

9. Phasic Changes in Coronary Blood Flow During Systole and Diastole—Effect of Cardiac Muscle Compression Phasic flow of blood through the coronary capillaries of the human left ventricle during cardiac systole and diastole

10. Phasic Changes Note from this diagram that the coronary capillary blood flow in the left ventricle muscle falls to a low value during systole, which is opposite to flow in vascular beds elsewhere in the body. The reason for this is strong compression of the left ventricular muscle around the intramuscular vessels during systolic contraction #During diastole, the cardiac muscle relaxes and no lon - ger obstructs blood flow through the left ventricular mus -
clef capillaries, so blood flows rapidly during all of diastole.

11. Control of Coronary Blood Flow Oxygen Demand as a Major Factor in Local Coronary Blood Flow Regulation. Nervous Control of Coronary Blood Flow Stimulation of the autonomic nerves to the heart can affect coronary blood flow both directly and indirectly. The direct effects result from action of the nervous transmitter substances acetylcholine from the vagus nerves norepinephrine and epinephrine from the sympa-thetic nerves on the coronary vessels themselves

12. CAD ( Coronary artery disease ) There are three types of coronary heart disease, including: Obstructive coronary artery disease. Nonobstructive coronary artery disease.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection

13. Obstructive coronary artery disease Obstructive coronary artery disease occurs when your coronary arteries gradually narrow due to plaque buildup , also known as atherosclerosis. It’s the type of coronary artery disease that’s most common and well-known. As the artery narrowing worsens, it can eventually cut off blood flow to your heart. A sudden blockage is known as a heart attack

14. Nonobstructive coronary artery disease Nonobstructive coronary artery disease occurs because of other problems with your coronary arteries. It’s not caused by plaque buildup . Instead, your coronary arteries may have problems such as: Compression or squeezing from the heart muscle (myocardial bridging)
Constrictions at improper times (coronary vasospasm)
Damage to the artery lining (endothelial dysfunction)
Malfunctions in smaller artery branches (microvascular dysfunction)

15. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) occurs when a tear in the coronary artery wall partially or completely blocks blood flow. This tear happens suddenly and often presents as a heart attack. SCAD and heart attack symptoms can vary from person to person but may include: Chest pain, especially on the left side or center of your chest that doesn’t go away with rest
Jaw, neck or back pain Lightheadedness or weakness
Pain radiating from your chest through your shoulders or arms
Sensations of fullness, pressure or squeezing in your chest
Shortness of breath, even at rest

16. How is coronary artery disease diagnosed? Physical exam Measure your blood pressure.
Listen to your heart with a stethoscope.
Ask what symptoms you’re experiencing and how long you’ve had them.
Ask you about your medical history.
Ask you about your lifestyle.
Ask you about your family history.

17. Diagnosis and Tests Blood tests.
Cardiac catheterization.
Computed tomography (CT) coronary angiogram.
Heart MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
Coronary calcium scan.
Echocardiogram (echo).
Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG).
Exercise stress test.
Chest X-ray.

18. How is coronary artery disease treated? Don’t smoke, vape or use any tobacco products.
Eat heart-healthy foods low in sodium, saturated fat, trans fat and sugar. The Mediterranean diet is a proven way to lower your risk of a heart attack or stroke.
Exercise: Aim for 30 minutes of walking (or other activities) five days a week.
Limit alcohol.

19. Diabetes.
High blood pressure.
High cholesterol.
High triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemia).
Having a BMI higher than 25.

20. Medications Lower your blood pressure.
Lower your cholesterol.
Manage stable angina, like nitroglycerin and ranolazine .
Reduce your risk of blood clots.

21. Procedures and surgeries Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): This minimally invasive procedure has another name — coronary angioplasty. Your provider reopens your blocked artery to help blood flow through it better. They may also insert a stent to help your artery stay open

22. CABG Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): This surgery creates a new path for your blood to flow around blockages. This “detour” restores blood flow to your heart. CABG helps people who have severe blockages in several coronary arteries