COSMETIC PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH HAIR AND SCALP DANDRUFF AND HAIR FALL.pptx

The common scalp problem associated with hair and scalp are dandruff and Hairfall.Dandruff couse by malassezia furfur and oily scalp and it can be prevent or treat by Anti fungal medications like ketoconazole and hair fall couse by the inheritance harmonal changes and it treat by medication and hair transplantation.

1. COSMETIC PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH HAIR AND SCALP: DANDRUFF AND HAIR FALL Subject: Cosmetic Science, B. Pharm Final Year Guide Name: Chandrashekar M. Chakole Madhavi P. Gabhane *, Mahima R. Bijewar Bajiraoji Karanjekar college of pharmacy, Sakoli , Dist : Bhandara M.S.-441802 Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTIO N DANDRUFF CAUSES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS PREVENTION TREATMENT HAIR FALL CAUSES SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS PREVENTION TREATMENT REFERANCES

3. INTRODUCTION Cosmetics are substances that are used to enhance the odour and appearance of the human body. Cosmetics as per Indian According to section 3( aaa ) of the Drug and Cosmetics Act 1940 and rules 1945 a cosmetic is defined as Any article intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on, or introduced into or applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering appearance and includes any article intended for use as components of cosmetics. The scalp is often overlooked in Favor of the hair, but when it becomes itchy and irritated due to some common conditions. Cosmetic problems associated with hair and scalp are- Dandruff- Dandruff is the most common problem of the scalp which is white flakes, Itchy and harmless present in hair and fall on the shoulder. Dandruff is caused by dry skin and fungal infection, so it is treated by shampoos which contain anti-fungal agents. Hair loss- Hair loss is also called ‘baldness’ or ‘alopecia. 'hair loss is caused to scalp infection, hormonal imbalance or due to age. Sometimes it can be recovered by taking medicines.

4. DANDRUFF Dandruff is a chronic condition that presents itchy, white flaky on the scalp. Dandruff is a common issue related to hair cosmetics. Dandruff is a prevalent scalp disorder that impacts nearly half of the population before puberty, any gender and ethnicity. The word dandruff is ‘Angio-Saxon origin in a combination of- -Tan meaning ‘Tetter’ -doff mean dirty Malassezia furfur is reported as the main cause of the dandruff. It is an indication of poor hygiene. Dandruff scale consists of a cluster of corneocytes that stick together and come off the surface of the skin. The size and amount of scales vary from person to person and change over time. Some dandruff also include parakeratotic cells, which influence the severity of symptoms along with seborrhoea.

5. CAUSES 1. Seborrheic Seborrheic dermatitis is the primary cause of the dandruff. Malassezia furfur yeast is present on the skin and feeds on your oily scalp and leaves oleic acid in the scalp the body reacts with this acid and increases skin renewal and Couse flakes. 2. Irritated oily scalp Excessive sebum production on the scalp causes an oily scalp and leads to conditions like seborrhoea which form eczema and affect the scalp. 3. Dry skin Dry skin can be worse at different times of the year because of temperature changes and it applies to the skin on your scalp and Couse of dandruff. 4. Hair Care Products If the scalp is sensitive to hair care products it leads to the development of contact dermatitis on the scalp. Contact dermatitis is a skin response to direct contact with an irritant and causes Itchy, white flakes on the scalp and falls on the shoulder.

6. 5. Shampooing Inadequate shampooing can make your dandruff worse by allowing excess oil and dead cells on the scalp. 6. Other skin condition Skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis can also manifest on the scalp resulting in dandruff and this skin condition is exacerbated by using the wrong hair care product. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Itchy Scalp Scaly, crusty scalp in infants with cradle cap Skin flakes on the scalp, hair, eyebrows, shoulders .

7. PREVENTION

8. TREATMENT There are various option available for treating dandruff Using Home Remedies HOME REMEDIES FOR DANDRUFF Egg Yolk Fenugreek seeds Coconut oil Neem, Heena Aloe vera Aspirin Baking soda

9. Medication For Dandruff Topical Systemic Ketoconazole Bifonazole Miconazole Ciclopirox olamine Selenium sulphide Zinc Parathion Hydrocortisone Betamethasone Dipropionate Desonide Fluocinolone Pimecrolimus Tacrolimus Coal Tar Lithium Gluconate Metronidazole Phototherapy Itraconazole Terbinafine Anti- Fungal Cortico-steroids Immune-modulators Miscellaneous

10. on basis of therapeutic components dandruff shampoo classified as- 1.Pyrithione zinc shampoo-Contain antibacterial and anti fungal agent. 2.Tar Based Shampoo- Coal tar shows how quickly skin cell on scalp die and flakes off. Shampoo contain salicylic acid helps to remove flakes on scalp. 3.Selenium sulphide shampoo- Contain Anti fungal agent helps to remove dandruff. 4.Ketoconazole shampoo- It killed the fungi which live on scalp and main reason of dandruff . Special Shampoos Antidandruff shampoo formulation Sodium Lauryl sulphate Weight% 40.00% Myristamide DEA 5.00% Zinc Parathion 2.10% Magnesium aluminum silicate 1.20% Tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.06% Citric Acid to PH 7.0 q.s Preservative, color, fragrance q.s Deionized water q.s

11. HAIR FALL Excessive hair fall or hair loss from the body called Alopecia or baldness. Hair fall can occur on the scalp or throughout the body and it may be caused by genetics, hormonal imbalance or medical issues. Alopecia refers to a medical condition characterized by significant hair loss. Baldness is the partial or complete loss of hair and stops the regrowth of hair. It is more common in men than women. The primary cause of baldness is usually hereditary hair loss occurring with age. Hair style, makeup, hats, and scarves are worn to hide hair loss and some people choose treatment to recover hair growth. Incorrect diagnosis of temporary hair loss could lead to permanent condition. For Some people it’s caused due to medical treatment like cancer.

12. TYPES OF HAIR FALL Involutional Alopecia More hair follicles enters in resting phase, resulting in shorter and fewer hairs on scalp . Alopecia universalis Pubic hair, eyebrows, eyelashes all body hairs fall out. Scarring alopecia Chronic hair loss caused by inflammatory skin condition and other skin disorders such as lupus Traction alopecia Tightly pulled hair and excess of hot comb cause permanent hair loss. Central cicatricial centrifugal alopecia Bald patch in center of scalp. Telogen effluvium Temporary hair loss due to change in hair growth cycle Trichotillomania Person pull their own hair and this physiological disorder seen in children. Androgenic alopecia It common in both men and women. In men start thin out pattern like M and in women tend to maintain their forehead line but notice wading of part in hair. Alopecia areata It is It is commonly thought to be an autoimmune disorder where body mistakenly target own body hair follicles. Anagen effluvium Hair thinning due to chemicals or toxins.

13. CAUSES Inheritance: Inheritance plays a role in hair loss which is a common condition called alopecia, often seen in men as male pattern baldness or hereditary pattern baldness. Hormonal Changes: Women can experience hormonal changes from pregnancy, childbirth, menopause or changes in contraceptives which can affect hair. Medication and Radiation Therapy: Medication like chemotherapeutic drugs, antidepressants, arthritis and high blood pressure drugs lead to hair loss. Stress: stress can weaken hair and impact its health, so practices like yoga and medication can help. Excessive hair styling: Overdosing of hair styling with tools like heat, and chemical treatments such as bleaching or perming can cause hair damage. Life style Habit: Certain lifestyle choices, including smoking, getting little sleep and working outside in the sun can lead to hair loss. All of them interfere with the body’s natural process that produces healthy hair.

14. Hair Cosmetics: In hair cosmetics additionally the presence of harsh chemicals in shampoo can contribute to hair loss, highlighting the importance of selecting gentle shampoo tailored to individual needs. Skin Infection: A skin infection caused by fungi or bacteria can lead to hair loss or thinning on the scalp. Managing illnesses like syphilis can help to promote hair regrowth. Vitamin Deficiency : Hair loss can be caused by a deficiency in essential nutrients such as protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin C are necessary to the health and nourishment of hair structure made up of amino acids and peptide bonds. Thyroid problem : Thyroid gland issues may be the cause of hair loss. A lack of hormones known as hypothyroidism can result in a variety of symptoms, including brittleness and easier breaking of skin, hair, and nails. Excess hormones can cause hair loss. Pollution: Research revealed that pollutants like dust and fuel particles in the air impact on scalp and disrupt hair protein leading to premature hair loss and gray hairs.

15. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS Common signs and symptoms of hair loss include- Gradual thinning at the front of the scalp – It is common in both men and women. In men start to thin out patterns like M and women tend to maintain their forehead line but notice the wading of part in hair. Hair Becoming loose- It occurs due to physical or emotional shock result hair coming while brushing or washing. It leads to general thinning rather than bald spots. Scaling patches from infection- Hair fall forms scale patches on the scalp due to infection of fungi. Complete body hair loss- Complete body hair loss in some medical treatments like chemotherapy for cancer. Circular bald patches on the scalp- Small round patches of hair loss-like coin-size patches. This type of hair loss impacts on the scalp . Skin fells itchy or sore before hair loss.

16. PREVENTION OF HAIR FALL If undergoing chemotherapy inquire about using colling cap to less hair loss. Do not opt hairstyle that are to tight, like buns or ponytails . Avoid constantly twisting, rubbing, or pulling your hair Quit smoking some study suggest connection between smoking and male baldness . Shield your hair from sunlight and other UV sources. Be gentle washing and brushing your hair using a wide toothed comb to prevent hair loss Avoid Harsh treatment like hot rollers, hot oil and perms. Stay away from medications and supplements that leads to hair loss .

17. T R E A T M E N T Phenylephrine preventing hair breakage by causing hair follicle to contract when pulled . Minoxidil promote hair growth but use in moderate concentration to avoid scalp irritation . Finasteride is medication used to hair growth . Scalp reduction is a surgical procedure that remove bald region of scalp it perform on both men and women Hair transplantation is a surgical procedure that removing hair follicle from donor area and transplant in bald area. Laser therapy beneficial for experiencing genetic hair loss. Red light therapy helps to stimulate epidermal cell to promote hair growth. Platelet rich plasma is created by separating platelet from blood using centrifuge and then inject to scalp to promote hair growth . MEDICATION In Office Treatment option Diet Protein rich diet include amla to prevent hair fall and graying hair. Coconut and moong beans for preventing hair loss . Drinking raw Aloe leaf juice regularly can help to regulate hormones and prevent Harmon related hair loss Natural Remedies Natural remedies like onion juice, hibiscus leaves, essential oil massages, coconut oil, green tea and aloe vera are commonly used to promote hair growth.

18. REFERANCES Ranganathan S, Mukhopadhyay T. Dandruff: the most commercially exploited skin disease. Indian J Dermatol. 2010 Apr-Jun;55(2):130-4. doi : 10.4103/0019-5154.62734. PMID: 20606879; PMCID: PMC2887514 . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2887514/ Borda LJ, Wikramanayake TC. Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Investing Dermatol. 2015 Dec;3(2):10.13188/2373-1044.1000019. doi : 10.13188/2373-1044.1000019. Epub 2015 Dec 15. PMID: 27148560; PMCID: PMC4852869. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4852869 / Satya Prakash Singh, Vijay Nigam, COSMETIC SCIENCE , THAKUR PUBLICATION,2021, 205-210 . Aijaz A. Sheikh, Subhash V. Deshmane , Kailash R. Biyani, Md. Rageeb Md. Usman. TEXTBOOK OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Pee Vee Publication.

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