CPCSEA guidelines

Prevention of cruelty to the animal act 1960

1. CPCSEA GUIDELINES C ommittee for the P urpose of C ontrol and S upervision on E xperiments on A nimals By Mr . Vinayak R. Bodhankar Assistant Professor M. Pharm. (QA)

2. Why Are There Laws About Animals? 2

3. The goal of these Guidelines is to promote the humane care of animals used in biomedical and behavioral research. These guidelines provide the basic provisions for animal care in using animals for teaching or research purposes. 3

4. VETERINARY CARE A d e qu a t e v e t e r ina r y c a r e mu s t be p r o v ided and is the r espons i b i li t y of a veterinarian or a person who has training or experience in laboratory animal sciences and medicine. QUARANTINE, STABILIZATION AND SEPARATION Quarantine is the separation of newly received animals from those already in the facility until the health and possibly the microbial status of the newly received animals have been determined. 4

5. FOOD AND WATER Animals should be fed palatable, non-contaminated and nutritionally adequate food. BEDDING Bedding should be absorbent, free of toxic chemicals or other substances that could injure animals or personnel, and of a type not readily eaten by animals. Bedding should be removed and replaced with fresh materials as often as necessary to keep the animals clean and dry. 5

6. SANITATION AND CLEANLINESS Animal r ooms , c o rrido r s , s t o r a g e spaces and o t he r a r e as shoul d b e cleaned with appropriate detergents and disinfectants. ANIMAL CARE AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL Animal c a r e p r og r a ms r e qui r e t e chni c al and h u s b a nd r y 6 p e opl e t r ai n ed in e nsu r e ef f e cti v e s u ppor t. I n s titu t io n s shou l d e mpl o y laboratory animal science to implementation of the program.

7. DURATIONS OF EXPERIMENTS 7 N o ani m al sh o ul d b e use d f o r e xperime n t a tion f or mo r e th a n 3 y ea r s unles s a dequ a t e j u s ti f i c a tion is provided. PERSONAL HYGIENE It is essential for the animal care staff to maintain high standard of personal cleanliness. Facilities and supplies for meeting this obligation should be provided e.g. showers, change of uniforms, footwear etc.

8. RESTRAINT Devices required for holding animals for examination and collection of samples should be made available to minimize stress. TRANSPORT OF LABORATORY ANIMALS The main considerations for transport of animals are, the mode of transport, the containers, the animal density in cages, food and water during transit, protection from transit infections, injuries and stress. 8

9. PHYSICAL FACILITIES Building materials should be selected to facilitate efficient and hygienic operation of animal facilities. Durable, moisture-proof, fire-resistant, seamless materials are most desirable for interior surfaces including vermin and pest resistance. Corridors should be wide enough to facilitate the movement of personnel as well as equipment's and should be kept clean. 9

10. Utilities such as water lines, drain pipes, and electrical connections should preferably be accessible through service panels in corridors outside the animal rooms. ANIMAL ROOM DOORS Doors should be non-rust, vermin and dust proof. They should fit properly within their frames and provided with an observation window. Door closures may also be provided. Rodent barriers can be provided in the doors of the small animal facilities. 10

11. EXTERIOR WINDOWS Windows are not recommended for small animal facilities. However, where power failures are frequent and backup power is not available, they may be necessary to provide alternate source of light and ventilation. FLOORS Flo o r s sh o uld nonabsorbent, 11 be smooth, moisture skid-p r o o f , r esi st a n t to proof, acid s o l v e n ts, ad v e r s e e f f e cts o f d e t e rg e n ts and disinfectants.

12. W A LL S & C E I LIN G S Walls should be free of cracks, unsealed utility penetrations, or imperfect junctions with doors, ceilings, floors and corners. Surface materials should be capable of withstanding scrubbing with detergents and disinfectants. STORAGE AREAS S e pa r at e s t o r a g e a r eas sh o ul d b e designe d f or feed, bedding, cages and materials not in use. 12

13. Death Record Clinical record of sick animals. The Animal House should maintain following records : Animal House plans, which includes typical floor plan. Animal House staff record – both technical and non – technical Health record of staff/ animals All SOPs relevant to the animals Breeding, stock, purchase and sales records Records of experiments conducted with the number of animals used 13 RECORD KEEPING

14. STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES ( S O P s ) / G u i d el i nes A SOP should contain the following items : Name of the Author Title of the SOP Date of preparation Reference of previous SOP on the same subject and date (Issue no and Date) Objectives Detailed information of the instruments used in relation with animals with methodology (Model no., Serial no., Date of commissioning, etc.) 14

15. DISPOSAL The transgenic and knockout animals should be first euthanized and then disposed off as prescribed elsewhere in the guidelines. A record of disposal and the manner of disposal should be kept as a matter of routine. 15

16. A N A E S T H E S I A A N D E U T H A N A S IA The scientists should ensure that the procedures, which are considered painful, are conducted under appropriate anaesthesia as recommended for each species of animals. It must also be ensured that the anaesthesia is given for the full duration of experiment and at no stage the animal is conscious to perceive pain during the experiment. In the event of a decision to sacrifice an animal on termination of an experiment or otherwise, an approved method of euthanasia should be adopted. 16

17. AN A E S TH E S I A Local anaesthetics are used to block the nerve supply to a limited area and are used only for minor and rapid procedures. A number of General anaesthetic agents are used in the form of inhalants. General anaesthetics are also used in the form of intravenous or intramuscular injections such as barbiturates. The animal should remain under veterinary care till it completely recovers from anaesthesia. 17

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19. EUTHANASIA Euthanasia is resorted to events where an animal is required to be sacrificed on termination of an experiment or otherwise for ethical reasons. The procedure should be carried out quickly and painlessly in an atmosphere free from fear or anxiety. 19

20. The method should in all cases meet the following requirements: 20 Death, without causing anxiety, pain or distress with minimum time lag phase. Minimum physiological and psychological disturbances. Compatibility with the purpose of study and minimum emotional effect on the operator. Location should be separate from animal rooms and free from environmental contaminants.

21. REFERENCES A Textbook of Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence, by A.V. Yadav , Trinity Publishing House, page no. 201-206. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence, by Sandeep D.S, Nirali Prakashan , page no. 11.1-11.4. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence, by Rajat K. Kar , Thakur Publication, page no. 137-142.

22. Thank you 22 “I’m so proud! All of my kids are going into research”