Cross infection in medical microbiology.pptx

cross infection in microbiology

1. Cross infection and Infection control

2. Organisms capable of causing cross infection in humans are derived from : ■ other human sources (the most important) ■ animal sources (less important) ■ inanimate sources (of least importance).

3. Principles of infection transmission a source of infection : called the index case. a mode or vehicle by which the infective agent is transmitted, for example, blood, droplets of saliva, instruments contaminated with blood. a route of transmission, for example, inhalation, ingestion

4. Standard infection control precautions universal precautions, standard infection control precautions and additional precautions (or transmission-based precautions)

5. Mode of transmission sharps and instruments that have been improperly sterilized direct contact of tissues with secretions or blood; (e.g., an ungloved practitioner with a cut on the finger performing an extraction) or during an exposure-prone procedure where the gloved hand of the clinician is not completely visible droplets containing infectious agents contaminated .

6. Airborne infection Airborne infective organisms in the form of infectious aerosols may be inhaled, causing diseases such as influenza, the common cold and tuberculosis. Droplets greater than 100 µm in diameter are called splatter (or spatter) and settle very quickly on surfaces . Droplet nuclei, which consist of dried salivary, sputum or serum secretions and any organisms.

7. Infection via sharps and needle stick injuries

8. Infection control procedures categorized as: ■ patient evaluation ■ personal protection ■ sterilization and disinfection ■ safe disposal of waste ■ clinical and laboratory asepsis.

9. Infection control: specific practical features ■ patient evaluation ■ personal protection ■ respiratory hygiene ■ instrument decontamination: cleaning, disinfection,sterilization and storage ■ use of disposables (single-use devices and personal protective equipment (PPE)) ■ disinfection of the environment ■ clinical and laboratory asepsis ■ disposal of waste ■ staff training, including continuing education

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