Ct anatomy of abdomen

CT ANATOMY OF ABDOMEN WITH LABALLED IMAGES

1. CT ANATOMY OF ABDOMEN MAAJID MOHI UD DIN MALIK LECTURER COPMS ADESH UNIVERSITY BATHINDA PUNJAB [email protected]

2. INTRODUCTION The abdomen (commonly called the belly) is the body space between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The diaphragm forms the upper surface of the abdomen. At the level of the pelvic bones, the abdomen ends and the pelvis begins. The abdomen contains all the digestive organs, including the stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. These organs are held together loosely by connecting tissues (mesentery) that allow them to expand and to slide against each other. The abdomen also contains the kidneys and spleen. [email protected]

3. CONTINUE Many important blood vessels travel through the abdomen, including the aorta, inferior vena cava, and dozens of their smaller branches. In the front, the abdomen is protected by a thin, tough layer of tissue called fascia. In front of the fascia are the abdominal muscles and skin. In the rear of the abdomen are the back muscles and spine. [email protected]

4. CONTINUE [email protected]

5. ABDOMEN Boundaries: anterolateral and posterior abdominal walls, diaphragm, pelvic inlet. Contents: stomach, small intestine, large intestine, vermiform appendix, pancreas, spleen, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands [email protected]

6. BLOOD SUPPLY Abdomen: celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, middle suprarenal arteries, renal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, inferior phrenic artery and lumbar arteries; inferior vena cava, hepatic portal vein [email protected]

7. INNERVATION Abdomen: vagus nerve (CN X), prevertebral ganglia, lower thoracic, pelvic and lumbar splanchnic nerves; they form plexuses: myenteric, celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, superior hypogastric and inferior hypogastric plexuses. [email protected]

8. REGIONS OF THE ABDOMEN The regions of the abdomen are theoretical divisions used by clinicians to help localize, identify and diagnose a patients symptoms. There are two main forms of categorization, the first which is simpler and is mapped out by dividing the  abdomen into  four quadrants, while the second method divides it into nine segments. [email protected]

9. NINE REGION SCHEME Principle:  two vertical midclavicular lines (left and right) cross two horizontal: subcostal (through lower edge of 10th costal cartilage) and transtubercular (through tubercles of iliac crests) -> nine segments: right and left hypochondrium, epigastrium, right and left lumbar regions, umbilical region, right and left inguinal regions, hypogastrium [email protected]

10. SEGMENTS Right hipochondrium Epigastrium Left hipochondrium Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar Right inguinal Hypogastrium Left inguinal [email protected]

11. CONTINUE [email protected]

12. CONTINUE [email protected]

13. LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION The left hypochondriac region contains: The stomach The top of the left lobe of the liver The left kidney The spleen The tail of the pancreas Parts of the small intestine The transverse colon The descending colon [email protected]

14. RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION The right hypochondriac region contains: The liver The gallbladder The small intestine The ascending colon The transverse colon The right kidney [email protected]

15. EPIGASTRIC REGION The epigastric region contains: The esophagus The stomach The liver The spleen The pancreas The right and left kidneys The right and left ureters The right and left suprarenal glands The small intestine The transverse colon [email protected]

16. LEFT LUMBAR REGION The left lumbar region contains: A portion of the small intestine A part of the descending colon The tip of the left kidney [email protected]

17. RIGHT LUMBAR REGION The right lumbar region contains:  The tip of the liver The gallbladder The small intestine The ascending colon The right kidney [email protected]

18. UMBILICAL REGION The umbilical region contains: The stomach The pancreas The small intestine The transverse colon The right and left kidneys The right and left ureters The cisterna chyli [email protected]

19. LEFT INGUINAL REGION The left inguinal region contains: Part of the small intestine The descending colon The sigmoid colon The left ovary and the left fallopian tube in females. [email protected]

20. RIGHT INGUINAL REGION The right inguinal region contains: The small intestine The appendix The cecum The ascending colon The right ovary and right fallopian tube in females [email protected]

21. HYPOGASTRIC REGION The hypogastric region contains: The small intestine The sigmoid colon The rectum The urinary bladder The right and left ureters The uterus, the right and left ovaries and the fallopian tubes can be found in females The vas deferens, the seminal vesicle and the prostate can be found in males [email protected]

22. AXIAL SECTIONS OF CT ABDOMEN [email protected]

23. 1, Right lung. 2, Right hepatic vein. 3, Liver. 4, Left hepatic vein. 5, Stomach. 6, Left colic flexure (splenic flexure of the colon). 7, Spleen. 8, Left lung. 9, Aorta. [email protected]

24. 1, Right lung. 2, Aorta. 3, Left lung. 4, Left adrenal. 5, Spleen. 6, Splenic artery. 7, Colon. 8, Portal vein. 9, Hepatic vein. 10, Liver. [email protected]

25. 1, Diaphragm. 2, Aorta. 3, Left adrenal. 4, Top of the left kidney. 5, Spleen. 6, Splenic artery. 7, Colon. 8, Stomach. 9, Portal vein. 10, Liver. 11, Rib. [email protected]

26. 1, Inferior vena cava. 2, Liver. 3, Right adrenal. 4, Diaphragmatic crus. 5, Abdominal aorta. 6, Left adrenal. 7, Left kidney. 8, Spleen. 9, Pancreas. 10, Colon. 11, Portal vein. [email protected]

27. 1, Inferior vena cava. 2, Right kidney. 3, Abdominal aorta. 4, Superior mesenteric artery. 5, Left kidney. 6, Small bowel. 7, Colon. 8, Portal vein. 9, Liver. [email protected]

28. 1, Inferior vena cava. 2, Right kidney. 3, Origin of the right renal artery. 4, Aorta. 5, Left kidney. 6, Left colon. 7, Superior mesenteric artery. 8, Superior mesenteric vein. 9, Gallbladder. 10, Liver. [email protected]

29. Atlas of CT Anatomy of the Abdomen. Axial reconstruction. 1, Inferior vena cava. 2, Right kidney. 3, Aorta. 4, Left kidney. 5, Left colon. 6, Superior mesenteric artery. 7, Superior mesenteric vein. 8, Gallbladder. 9, Liver. [email protected]

30. 1, Gallbladder. 2, Liver. 3, Inferior vena cava. 4, Right kidney. 5, Aorta. 6, Left kidney. 7, Left colon. 8, Superior mesenteric artery. 9, Superior mesenteric vein. [email protected]

31. 1, Transverse colon. 2, Liver. 3, Right kidney. 4, Inferior vena cava. 5, Aorta. 6, Lower pole of the left kidney. 7, Left colon. 8, Rectus abdominis muscle. [email protected]

32. 1, Rectus abdominis muscle. 2, Liver. 3, Right kidney. 4, Inferior vena cava. 5, Vertebral canal. 6, Aorta. 7, External oblique muscle. 8, Internal oblique muscle. 9, Transversus abdominis muscle. 10, Small intestine. [email protected]

33. 1, Small intestine. 2, Colon. 3, Liver. 4, Inferior vena cava. 5, Psoas muscle. 6, Aorta. 7, External oblique muscle. 8, Internal oblique muscle. 9, Transversus abdominis muscle. 10, Rectus abdominis muscle. [email protected]

34. CORONAL SECTIONS OF ABDOMEN [email protected]

35. 1, Heart. 2, Right lung. 3, Liver. 4, Gallbladder. 5, Colon. 6, Rib. 7, Left lung . [email protected]

36. 1, Right lung. 2, Portal vein. 3, Liver. 4, Caecum. 5, Bladder. 6, Sigmoid colon. 7, Small bowel. 8, Colon. 9, Heart. [email protected]

37. 1, Right lung. 2, Portal vein. 3, Liver. 4, Right colon. 5, Bladder. 6, Sigmoid colon. 7, Small intestine. 8, Superior mesenteric vein. 9, Heart. [email protected]

38. 1, Heart. 2, Stomach. 3, Small bowel. 4, Left colon. 5, Left superficial femoral artery. 6, Left superficial femoral vein. 7, Pubic symphysis. 8, Bladder. 9, Right colon 10, Right kidney. 11, Liver. 12, Hepatic vein. 13, Right lung. [email protected]

39. 1, Heart. 2, Left kidney. 3, Colic tumor. 4, Psoas muscle. 5, Iliac wing. 6, Rectum. 7, Bladder. 8, Gluteus medius muscle. 9, Gluteus minimus muscle. 10, Right kidney. 11, Liver. 12, Right lung. [email protected]

40. 1, Left lung. 2, Left colon. 3, Left kidney. 4, Psoas muscle. 5, Acetabulum. 6, Obturator internus muscle. 7, Obturator externus muscle. 8, Gluteus medius muscle. 9, Gluteus minimus muscle. 10, Right kidney. 11, Liver. 12, Aorta. 13, Right lung. [email protected]

41. 1, Right lung. 2, Aorta. 3, Spleen. 4, Left kidney. 5, Gluteus maximus muscle. 6, Greater trochanter. 7, Anal canal. 8, Ischium. 9, Rectum. 10, Sacroiliac joint. 11, Diaphragm. 12, Thoracic spine. [email protected]

42. SAGITTAL SECTIONS OF CT ABDOMEN [email protected]

43. 1, Left lung. 2, Spleen. 3, Colon. 4, Colic tumor. 5, Iliac wing. 6, Gluteus medius muscle. 7, Gluteus minimus muscle. 8, Gluteus maximus muscle. 9, Sartorius muscle. 10, Left femur. [email protected]

44. 1, Left lung. 2, Spleen. 3, Left kidney. 4, Gluteus medius muscle. 5, Gluteus maximus muscle. 6, Small bowel. 7, Colon. 8, Acetabulum. 9, Femoral head. [email protected]

45. 1, Left lung. 2, Spleen. 3, Left kidney. 4, Psoas muscle. 5, Femoral head. 6, Acetabulum. 7, Colon. 8, Small bowel. 9, Stomach. 10, Liver. 11, Heart. [email protected]

46. 1, Heart. 2, Liver. 3, Rectus abdominis muscle. 4, Left lung. 5, Stomach. 6, Psoas muscle. [email protected]

47. 1, Aorta. 2, Psoas muscle. 3, Iliac artery. 4, Bladder. 5, Liver. 6, Heart. [email protected]

48. 1, Aorta. 2, Vertebral body. 3, Spinous process. 4, Intervertebral disc. 5, Sacrum. 6, Rectum. 7, Bladder. 8, Liver. 9, Heart. [email protected]

49. 1, Vertebral body (Thoracic spine). 2, Spinous process. 3, Aorta. 4, Vertebral body (lumbar spine, L1). 5, Intervertebral disc. 6, Sacrum. 7, Rectum. 8, Bladder. 9, Small bowel. 10, Hepatic vein. 11, Liver. 12, Heart. [email protected]

50. [email protected]