Ct anatomy of thorax

CT ANATOMY OF CHEST CAVITY AND OF ITS SURROUNDING ORGANS

1. CT ANATOMY OF THORAX MAAJID MOHI UD DIN MALIK LECTURER COPMS ADESH UNIVERSITY BATHINDA PUNJAB [email protected]

2. INTRODUCTION The chest, properly called the thorax, is the superior part of the trunk located between the neck and abdomen. It consists of several components: Thoracic wall Several cavities Neurovasculature and lymphatics Internal organs Breasts [email protected]

3. CONTINUE [email protected]

4. THORACIC WALL Openings : superior and inferior thoracic apertures Skeleton : sternum, twelve pairs of ribs, twelve thoracic vertebrae Joints : intervertebral discs, costovertebral, sternocostal, sternoclavicular, costochondral, interchondral joints Intercostal spaces : intercostal vein, artery, nerve Muscles : intercostal muscles, (external, internal, innermost), transversus thoracis, subcostals, levatores costarum, serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior muscles [email protected]

5. THORACIC CAVITY The  mediastinum  is located centrally and bordered by two  pleural cavities  laterally. The mediastinum consists of  superior  and  inferior  mediastinal cavities. The inferior mediastinal cavity is comprised of  anterior ,  middle  and  posterior  compartments. [email protected]

6. NEUROVASCULATURE Arterial : the three largest thoracic arteries (brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery) originate from the thoracic aorta Venous : the major thoracic veins (superior vena cava, azygos venous system, accessory hemiazygos vein, pulmonary veins, esophageal veins, internal thoracic veins, cardiac veins, and superior intercostal veins) drain into the superior vena cava Nerves : esophageal, cardiac, and thoracic aortic nervous plexuses [email protected]

7. ORGANS Heart Lungs Thymus Trachea Esophagus [email protected]

8. THORACIC WALL The first step in understanding thorax anatomy is to find out its boundaries. The thoracic, or chest wall, consists of a skeletal framework, fascia, muscles, and Neurovasculature – all connected together to form a strong and protective yet flexible cage.  [email protected]

9. CONTINUE The thorax has two major openings: the superior thoracic aperture found superiorly and the inferior thoracic aperture located inferiorly. The superior thoracic aperture opens towards the neck. It is bounded by the bones of the upper thorax; manubrium of sternum, the first pair of ribs, and the body of the vertebra T1. The inferior thoracic aperture is almost completely covered by the diaphragm, separating it from the abdominal cavity.  [email protected]

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16. AXIAL SECTIONS OF CT CHEST [email protected]

17. 1, Coracoid Process (scapula). 2, Clavicle (right side). 3, Right common carotid artery. 4, Thyroid. 5, Internal jugular vein (left side). 6, Clavicle (left side). 7, Subclavian vein (left side). 8, Humeral head (left side). 9, Spine of scapula. 10, Spinous process. [email protected]

18. 1, Trachea. 2, Rib. 3, Brachiocephalic artery. 4, Brachiocephalic vein (left side). 5, Pectoralis major muscle. 6, Pectoralis minor muscle. 7, Common carotid artery (left side). 8, Subclavian artery (left side). 9, Oesophagus. 10, Scapula. [email protected]

19.  1, Lung (right side) 2, Rib. 3, Trachea. 4, Brachiocephalic vein (left side). 5, Brachiocephalic artery. 6, Common carotid artery (left side). 7, Subclavian artery (left side). 8, Scapula. 9, Oesophagus. 10, Spinous process. [email protected]

20. 1, Oesophagus. 2, Rib. 3, Trachea. 4, Superior vena cava. 5, Brachiocephalic artery. 6, Common carotid artery (left side). 7, Aorta. 8, Scapula. 9, Vertebral foramen. [email protected]

21. 1, Lung (right side) 2, Trachea. 3, Superior vena cava. 4, Aortic arch. 5, Lung (left side). 6, Scapula. 7, Vertebral body. 8, Rib. [email protected]

22. 1, Lung (right side) 2, Superior vena cava. 3, Ascending thoracic aorta. 4, Descending thoracic aorta. 5, Rib. 6, Lung (left side). 7, Oesophagus. 8, Trachea. [email protected]

23. 1, Lung (right side) 2, Pulmonary artery (right side). 3, Superior vena cava. 4, Ascending thoracic aorta. 5, Pulmonary artery root. 6, Pulmonary vein (left side). 7, Pulmonary artery (left side). 8, Rib. 9, Descending thoracic aorta [email protected]

24. 1, Right atrium. 2, Aortic root. 3, Pulmonary artery root. 4, Left atrium. 5, Descending thoracic aorta [email protected]

25. 1, Right atrium. 2, Aortic root. 3, Ventricle (right side) 4, Left atrium. 5, Descending thoracic aorta [email protected]

26. 1, Oesophagus. 2, Lung (right side) 3, Ventricle (right side) 4, Ventricle (left side). 5, Lung (left side). 6, Descending thoracic aorta. 7, Spinous process. [email protected]

27. 1, Lung (right side) 2, Inferior vena cava. 3, Ventricle (right side) 4, Ventricle (left side). 5, Oesophagus. 6, Lung (left side). 7, Descending thoracic aorta. 8, Vertebral foramen. [email protected]

28. 1, Lung (right side) 2, Liver. 3, Inferior vena cava. 4, Ventricle (right side) 5, Ventricle (left side). 6, Oesophagus. 7, Lung (left side). 8, Descending thoracic aorta. 9, Vertebral body. [email protected]

29. 1, Inferior lobe of right lung. 2, Liver. 3, Inferior vena cava. 4, Oesophagus. 5, Lung (left side) 6, Aorta. [email protected]

30. CT SAGITTAL SECTIONS OF CHEST [email protected]

31. 1, Upper lobe of the right lung. 2, Right middle lobe of the lung. 3, Inferior lobe of the right lung. Black arrow, Minor fissure. Red arrow, Major fissure. [email protected]

32. 1, Superior lobe of the left lung. 2, Inferior lobe of left lung. Red arrow, Major fissure [email protected]

33. [email protected] CT CORONAL SECTIONS OF CHEST

34. .1, Trachea. 2, Left main bronchus. 3, Right main bronchus. 4, Apical segmental bronchus of upper lobe (Right lung). 5, Right lower lobe bronchus. Red arrow, Major fissure. [email protected]

35. 1, Trachea. 2, Upper lobe of the right lung. 3, Right middle lobe of the lung. 4, Inferior lobe of the right lung. 5, Superior lobe of the left lung. 6, Inferior lobe of left lung. White arrow, Minor fissure. Red arrow, Major fissure. [email protected]

36. [email protected]