CT brain undergraduate tanta university peds

CT brain undergraduate tanta university For pediatric tools exam

1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CT SCAN MOHAMED ABOEISA ASS. LECT. PEDIATRIC DEPARTMENT TANTA UNIVERSITY

2. HISTORY Sir Hounsfield -1972 Nobel prize in 1979

3. PRINCIPLE Uses X rays applied in sequence of slices across the organ Images reconstructed from X ray absorption data X ray beam moves around the patient in a circular path

4. CT scan provides a 3D display of the intracranial anatomy built up from a vertical series of transverse axial tomograms. Each tomogram represents a horizontal slice through the patient’s head.

5. Slice thickness may vary, but in general, it is between 5 and 10 mm for a routine Head CT

6. BASICS X-RAYS ARE ABSORBED TO DIFFERENT DEGREES BY DIFFERENT TISSUES Always describe CT findings as densities- isodense /hypodense /hyperdense. Higher the density = whiter is the appearance Lower the density = darker the appearance Brain is the reference density Anything of the density as brain= isodense Higher density than brain= hyperdense ( skull is the best example) Anything darker (lower density) than brain= hypodense (CSF and air are classical examples)

7. HOUNSFIELD UNITS Related to composition & nature of tissue Represent the density of tissue Also called as CT NUMBER

8. Densities on ct scan…….

9. NORMAL NEUROANATOMY

10. AXIAL SECTIONS OF CT HEAD ABOVE THE VENTRICULAR LEVEL LATERAL VENTRICULAR LEVEL THIRD VENTRICULAR LEVEL LEVEL OF MIDBRAIN LEVEL OF PONS LEVEL OF MEDULLA OBLONGATA

11. CONTRAST VS NON-CONTRAST

12. SUPRAVENTRICULAR LEVEL A=FALX CEREBRI B=SULCUS C=GYRUS D=SUPERIOR SAGGITAL SINUS

13. LEVEL OF BODY OF LATERAL VENT. A=FALX CEREBRI B=FRONTAL LOBE C=BODY OF LATERAL VENTRICLE D=SPLENIUM OF CORPUS CALLOSUM E=PARIETAL LOBE F=OCCIPITAL LOBE G=SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS

14. LEVEL OF LAT. VENT. HORNS A=GENU OF CORPUS CALLOSUM B=ANT HORN OF LATERAL VENTRICLE C=INT CAPSULE D=THALAMUS E=PINEAL GLAND F=CHOROID PLEXUS G=STARAIGHT SINUS

15. LEVEL OF 3 RD VENTRICLE A=ANTERIOR HORN LAT VENTRICLE B=CAUDATE NUCLEUS C=ANT LIMB INT CAPSULE D=GLOBUS PALLIDUS AND PUTAMEN E=POST LIMB INT CAPSULE F=THIRD VENTRICLE G=QUADRIGEMINAL PLATE CISTERN H=CEREBELLAR VERMIS I=OCCIPITAL LOBE

16. LEVEL OF MIDBRAIN A=FALX CEREBRI B=FRONTAL LOBE C=ANTERIOR HORN LAT VENTRICLE D=THIRD VENTRICLE E=QUADRIGEMINAL PLATE CISTERN F=CEREBELLUM

17. LEVEL OF PONS A=FRONTAL LOBE B= SYLVIAN FISSURE C=TEMPORAL LOBE D=SUPRASELLAR CISTERN E=PONS F=FOURTH VENTRICLE G= CEREBELLAR HEMISPHERE

18. LEVEL OF MEDULLA A= Frontal Lobe , B= Frontal Bone (Superior Surface of Orbital Part) , C= Dorsum Sellae , D= Basilar Artery E= Temporal Lobe F= Mastoid Air Cells G= Cerebellar Hemisphere

19. LEVEL OF MEDULLA A= ORBIT , B= SPHENOID SINUS , C= TEMPORAL LOBE, D=EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL E= MASTOID AIR CELLS F= CEREBELLAR HEMISPHERES

20. I- INTERPRETATION OF CT BRAIN 1-GENERAL INFORMATION 2-EXTRACRANIAL TISSUE 3-CRANIAL BONE 4-CSF FLOW A-VENTRICULAR SYSTEM B- Cisterns 5-BRAIN TISSUE A- GREY & WHITE DIFFERENTIATION B- SULCI & GYRI C- Any abnormality. II- Diagnosis III- Recommendation

21. Interpretation of CT scan of brain 1- General Information: CT Brain, Level, with or without contrast 2- Extracranial Tissue: Ex: extracranial blood collection. 3- Cranial bone: Normal, skull fracture or erosion 4- CSF spaces: A- Ventricular System: Normal , dilated or compressed ventricles (Lateral, third or fourth ventricles). B-Cisterns, S ylvian & interhemispheric fissures: Normal or abnormal 5- Brain Tissue: Sulci & gyri, gray-white differentiation, Any abnormality. Diagnosis

22. EXTRACRANIAL STRUCURE

23. EXTRADURAL HEMORRHAGE

24. SUBDURAL HEMORRHAGE

25. HEMORRHAGE

26. BRAIN A B S C E S S

27. BRAIN INFARCTION

28. COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS

29. HYDROCEPHALUS WITH SHUNT

30. NON COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS

31. INTRA-CEREBRAL CALCIFICATION

32. PERI-VENTRICULAR CALCIFICATION

33. BRAIN ATROPHY

34. THANK YOU