Cultivation practices in classics of Vrikshayurveda

Vrikshayurveda is known as the plant life science. It deals with the various techniques of growing plants and the medicines used to promote each and every growing stage of the plant.

1. CULTIVATION PRACTICES IN CLASSICS OF VRIKSHAYURVEDA Dr.ANKITHA.H MD SCHOLAR DEPT.OF DRAVYAGUNA SNPA GAVC RAIPUR C.G

2. Vrikshayurveda is the science of plant life . First time mentioned in Kautilya’s Arthasastra , details regarding use of plants or plant parts as medicine. Rigveda,Adharvaveda Caraka samhita Susruta samhita Bruhat samhita Agnipurana Krishi parasara Kashyapakrishisukti Manasollasa Surapal’s vrikshayurveda Upavanavinoda 2

3. Contents 3 METHODS OF PROPAGATION SUITABLE SOILS GERMINATION PLANTATION WATERING NOURISHING SOLUTIONS BOTANICAL MARVELS

4. METHODS OF PROPAGATION SEEDS STALKS SEEDS-STALKS JOINTS BUDDINGS HARIDRA SUNTI VACA ATIVISHA KATUROHINI USIRA JAMBU CHAMPAK NAGAKESAR BILWA PRIYANGU PUNNAGA TAMBULA SINDHUVARA TAGARA ASWATHA UDUMBARA PATALA PLAKSHA DADIMA KARAVIRA VATA IKSHU REEDS HRIBERAM 4

5. SUITABLE SOILS JANGALA ANUPA SADHARANA KHADIRA SOPHANJANA ASANA SREEPHALA ASWAKARNA SAPTAPARNA DHAVA SEPHALIKA TINISA SAMI SALLAKI KARIRA SALA KARKANDU BADARI KESAR TINDUKA NIMBA ASWATHA ASOKA VATA ( surapala ) AMALAKI ( caraka ) HINTAALA TAMALA NARIKELA KADALI ( caraka ) VAMSA JAMBIRA JAMBU TILAK KADAMBH PUGA TINISA MRDWIK KETAKI( Surapal ) BIJAPUR PUNNAGA CAMPAK ATIMUKTAKA PRIYANGU DADIMA( surapal ) 5

6. GERMINATION Well matured fruits, sprinkle milk and clarified butter over them. keep for 5 days Apply powders of brihati , tila mixed with ghee, dry them then besmear with dry cowdung , then fumigation with fat of animal. Stem cuttings : plastered at the cut end with mixture of honey,butter,cowdung and fat of hogs Bulbous roots: honey and clarified butter Ensure growth of stem and foliage: seeds soaked in kwatha of paddy masha,tila,yava mixed with decomposing flesh and then steamed with haridra Vacha ( Acrous calmus ) is used as a fungicide to prevent fungal attack during the germination. sow seeds in seed bed, spread grass over it and sprinkle milk and water. when seeds germinate remove grass, dry the earth and transplant these sprouts Large seeds are sown singl y and smaller ones in multiples 6

7. PLANTATION PROCESS Suitable nakshatras for plantation: uttaraphalguni , citra , mrgasira , revati , mulavisakha pushya,sravana,aswini,hasta Methods:After germination apply its roots with Usira + Vidanga + ghee and replant it in a pit together with cowdung . Time of transplanting: Magha,Phalgun ( sisira )-trees whose branches and leaves are not developed Agrahayana,Pausha (Hemant)-plants with just developed branches Sraavana,Bhaadra (varsha)-plants with well developed branches Small plants:day time Large trees:evening Pits:L *B*H is forearm 7

8. WATERING OF PLANTS Excess watering leads to Ajirna of plants. Symptoms are pale, devoid of leaves,full of ants and smell of fish and in places devoid of barks 8 Based on Rtu Vasanta rtu:Everyday (evening) Hemanta,sisira:Alternate days Greeshma:Once in morning and afternoon Varsha:when earth is dried Newly planted:morning and evening Based on desa Jangala:every morning and evening for 15 days Anupa:only once in 5 days Sadharana:morning and evening for 10 days

9. NOURISHING SOLUTIONS KUNAPA JALA : Boil flesh fat and marrow of deer pig fish sheep goat in water. Put the mixture in an earthern pot Add milk, powder of sesame oil cakes, pulses boiled in honey, decoction of pulses, clarified butter and hot water. Put the pot in warm place for about a fortnight. PANCHAGAVYA : Urine(3L),Dung(3 Kg),Milk(2L),Ghee (1Kg) and Curd(2 Kg).Mix well and allowed to fermentation for 7 days with twice stiring per day. 9

10. DISEASES AND TREATMENT FOR PLANTS Like human beings plants also have tridosha . Its imbalance leads to diseases . Vata prakrti : Slender and tall Light in weight Have a rough surface Their leaves wither or drop away with the slightest heat of the sun. Pitta prakrti : Are able to withstand bright light. Have weak branches which break away easily. Have abundant leaves and flowers. 10

11. Bear fruits during off season. Are of medium size and height. Kapha parkrti: Possess stout and bulky stems and branches. Plenty of thick leaves. Bear abundant flowers and fruits with glossy appearance House many creepers and climbers around them. 11

12. Vatika roga : plants becomes slender and bent, with knots on the trunk or leaves, and hard fruits with less juice , flavour and sweetness. 12

13. Kaphaja : When trees are overwatered with sweet oily sour or cold substances in the winter and spring. Plants will take a long time to bear fruit, paleness , dwarfing of leaves, tastelessness, and premature fruits. 13

14. Paittika : At the end of summer . Yellowness of leaves, untimely fruit drop, dryness, paleness of leaves, flowers, and fruits 14

15. TREATMENT Vata diseases : Fumigation with a mixture made up of flesh,fat,ghee,hair of horse,cow’s horn. For tubercles:Application of paste of lodhra,cowdung,fats and kunapa jala kaphaja diseases :Decoction of brihat pancamula coating roots with white mustard paste with watering of sesame and ash mixture removing the soil around the plant and replacing it with new dry ones Pitta diseases : Madhura,sita dravyas watering with milk, honey, yashtimadhu , and madhuka decoctions Decoction of fruits,Triphala , ghee, and honey can also be used. 15

16. S crape off the damaged areas with a knife apply mud kneaded with ghee and vidanga to the affected areas followed by a round of milk diluted with water poured around the root Bareness:hot decoction of kulattha , maasha,mudga,tila , and yava sprinkled around the roots once cooled. Insects:water the tree with cold water for seven days. sprinkle powder of ashes and brick dust wound caused by insect:sprinkle milk after smearing with vidanga,sarshapa,gomutra,ghrta,sarshapa 16

17. Worms: paste of milk,kunapa water and cowdung . paste of sarshapa,vaca,kushta and ativisha . dhupana:sarshapa,hingu,vidanga,vaca,maricha . Creepers eaten away by insects should be sprinkle with water mixed with oil cake. Drying of branches due to excess water: boil vidanga,butter,milk together and sprinkle for a week Trees get aged: kunapa water and milk again and again.it bears fruits Exudation of trees : priyangu,vetasa,arjuna bark pasted with and boiled in milk Sosha of a tree: sprinkle mixture of sugar, sesame, milk and water. Apply paste of honey , vidanga and sesame . 17

18. BOTANICAL MARVELS Techniques to improve the yield, potency of cultivated drugs. For a month, trees watered at the base with buttermilk, sugarcane juice combined with gomamsa powder , vidanga , and oil cakes produce gorgeous blossoms and fruits that are out of season If a tree that normally produces pungent fruits is liberally smeared at the base with a paste made of vidanga , yashti , yava , milk, and jaggery, it will produce sweet nectar-like fruits. If a tree's chopped stem is covered with boiled sugarcane juice and sugarcane juice is applied to its roots, it will produce blossoms out off  season. When a tree is planted in a pit dug in the earth with bricks all around 4 1/2 cubits deep, it always remains dwarfish and bears blossoms and fruits. 18

19. References 1.vrkshayurveda in ancient india 2.dr.jugnu sreekrishna - Surapal’s vrkshayurveda ( An ancient treatise on plant life), Chaukambha Sanskrit series Varanasi ,2004 3.Majumdar Girija Prasanna- Upavana vinoda (A Sanskrit treatise on Arborihorticulture ),Indian Research Institute Calcutta 1935 4.carakasamhita 5.brihat Samhita varahamihira sloga 13 6.Explotation of Panchagavya,benefits,and ecofriendly management of plant diseases:A review:JEZS,Krishna kumar,Ghanshyam verma,Ram veer,Sauraj kumar,Popin kumar . 7. Shubhasree MN,shiddamallayya Matapathi,Amit kumar Dixit:Conservation and preservation of medicinal plants leads from ayurveda and vrikshayurvedaInt J Complementary Alt.Med 2018:2(5);275-279 8.Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda Nalini sadhale,K L Mehra,S M Viramani,Y L nene:Asian agrihistory foundation.     19

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