customized and value added fertilizers.pptx

Customized fertilizer are defined as multi nutrient carrier designed to contain macro and / or micro nutrient forms, both from inorganic and/or organic sources, manufactured through a systematic process of granulation, satisfying the crop’s nutritional needs, specific to site, soil and stage, validated by a scientific crop model capability developed by an accredited fertilizer manufacturing/marketing company.
The objectives –
• To provide site specific nutrient management
• To achieve maximum fertilizer use efficiency for the applied nutrients
• To attain cost effective fertilizer application
• A fertilizer composition with additional nutrients as compared to conventional fertilizers, from additional sources such as humic acids, amino acids, treated biochar and proteoglycans etc., which when applied increase yields with reduced fertilizer use.
• The deficiency of secondary and micronutrients can thus be overcome easily by fortification of the presently manufactured N/P/NP/NPK fertilizers
• Value-added fertilizers can increase crop yields by 14 to 17 percent compared with same amount of traditional fertilizers.

CF & FF:- holistic nutrition solution
• In north western India, secondary nutrients (S) and micronutrients (Zn, B, Fe, Mn) deficiencies are reported, which can be tackled with the use of value added fertilizers
• Although, K is sufficiently available, K response was found better after application of customized fertilizers
• The soil survey of India reported in many areas soils and ground water were affected by nitrate pollution (Handa 1986; Kakar 2008; Rawat and Singh 2010). Thus, it is quite essential to avoid overuse and go for usage of fertilizers as per the demand of crop.

1. CUSTOMIZED FERTILIZER AND VALUE ADDED FERTILIZER APS 516 Pragya Naithani 45979 Ph.D. Agronomy

2. What is customized Fertilizer ? Source: Soil Health: Technological Interventions, 2019 Defined as multi nutrient carrier designed to contain macro and / or micro nutrient forms, both from inorganic and/or organic sources, manufactured through a systematic process of granulation, satisfying the crop’s nutritional needs, specific to site , soil and stage, validated by a scientific crop model capability developed by an accredited fertilizer manufacturing/marketing company. The objectives – To provide site specific nutrient management To achieve maximum fertilizer use efficiency for the applied nutrients To attain cost effective fertilizer application 2

3. A fertilizer composition with additional nutrients as compared to conventional fertilizers, from additional sources such as humic acids, amino acids, treated biochar and proteoglycans etc., which when applied increase yields with reduced fertilizer use. The deficiency of secondary and micronutrients can thus be overcome easily by fortification of the presently manufactured N/P/NP/NPK fertilizers Value-added fertilizers can increase crop yields by 14 to 17 percent compared with same amount of traditional fertilizers . What is Value-added / fortified fertilizers? 3

4. For sustainable food production - depleting soil organic matter, imbalance in fertilizer use, emerging multi-nutrient deficiencies, declining nutrient use efficiency, declining crop response ratio, and negative soil nutrient balance ( Das and Mitali 2015 ) As a part of SSNM- right proportion of nutrients at right time at right place to avoid nutrient deficiency and toxicities (Kumar and Yadav 2005). According to Fertilizer policy ( 2017), Indian agriculture, a true example of intensive agriculture, is required to be intensified with site specific nutrient management, fortified fertilizers, customized fertilizers etc. Low Organic carbon content in Indian tropical and subtropical regions – low available nutrients in soils and fertilizers use efficiency. To achieve high fertilizer recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency and crop yield levels, customized fertilizer and value added fertilizer needs consideration ( Majumdar and Prakash 2018 ). By cutting down fertilizer overuse, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced, in some cases up to 50 % which can be the way to tackle climate change ( Singh. 2014 ) . Need for CF and FF 4

5. 5 A n example of how customized fertilizer works

6. An example of value added fertilizers

7. In north western India, secondary nutrients (S) and micronutrients (Zn, B, Fe, Mn ) deficiencies are reported, which can be tackled with the use of value added fertilizers Although , K is sufficiently available, K response was found better after application of customized fertilizers (Singh et al ., 2007 ) The soil survey of India reported in many areas soils and ground water were affected by nitrate pollution ( Handa 1986 ; Kakar 2008; Rawat and Singh 2010). Thus, it is quite essential to avoid overuse and go for usage of fertilizers as per the demand of crop. CF & FF:- holistic nutrition solution 7

8. T hey are highly crop, site and soil specific. Customized fertilizers are distinct and ready to use Most common form :- Granulated fertilizers (for soil application); W ater soluble form (for drip irrigation, mini sprinkler , and foliar spray systems) ( Rakshit et al . 2012) . Characteristics of CF and FF 8

9. To determine the optimal grades of customized fertilizer Decision Support System for Agro Technology Transfer (DSSAT), Crop Model etc . are used or area specific and crop specific soil testing results should be used The manufacturer may be in association with Agricultural Universities/KVKs concerned Manufacturer should also conduct agronomy tests of the proposed grade to establish its agronomic efficacy, for at least one season. For basal application size of granule -with minimum 90% between 1-4 mm IS sieve and with maximum 5 % below 1mm The moisture content should not exceed 1.5 % in granules F oliar application grades should be 100% water soluble Tolerance limit should not exceed 3% for all nutrients particularly when secondary and micronutrients are also present along with NPK. ( FCO. 1985 ) Guidelines in customized fertilizer manufacturing 9

10. The fertilizer grades are designed based on soil test crop response (STCR) and response curve (RC) approach or some of the software like Decision Support System for Agro Technology Transfer (DSSAT), Crop Models etc. Arrival at fertilizer recommendations 10 The steps involved in arrival of fertilizer recommendation :-  Geographical mapping or Geo-referencing of chosen region or field.  Selecting of sampling points based on appropriate statistical procedure.  Sampling and Analysing of sites.  Analysing soil, plant and water samples for nutrient availability, nutrient uptake by crop and other soil characteristics.  Defining management zones and yield targeting in major management zones.  Computing crop removal of nutrients.  Calculating nutrient requirement of soil and crop.  Blending of nutrients based on generated information.

11. Manufacture of customised fertilizers involves mixing and crushing of urea, DAP, MOP, Zn, S, bentonite sulphur and boron granules to obtain the desired proportion of N, P, K, S and micronutrients . The fertilizer mixture is then subjected to steam injection, drying, sieving and cooling, so as to get a uniform product with every grain having the same nutrient composition . The present day invention relates to novel precise customized fertilizers with controlled release such as seed encapsulation nutrients, liquid formulation for treating roots of seedlings before transplantation, for soil application , for foliar application, fertilizer granules and tablets for effective improvement of crop yield. Formulations of customized fertilizer 11

12. Manufacturing Methodologies Chemical granulation : S lurry granulation / C omplex granulation . NPKs are produced by a chemical reaction between ammonia and sulphuric or nitric acid to form ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate . This is granulated with the addition of discrete. K 2 O either in solid form or a liquid form. The process of granule formation comprises accrétion plus agglomération. This method is not convenient when many customized NPK grades are to be produced. Bulk blending: It is simplest and cheapest option available for the production of customized fertilizers, which involves pure mixing of solid fertilizers in a ratio required to get the desired nutrient ratio. It only requires a warehouse and weighing and mixing equipment. Compaction: A lso called as dry granulation process as there is no use of any liquid binders for making granules. Steam granulation : Compound granulation / Physical granulation . Raw material are in solid form and granulation is formed by the agglomeration process and requires the use of water, steam and heat in the dryer. U niform size reduction of the fertilizer material is the key to granulation. This is the most suited method for the large scale production of customized fertilizers in India and asian countries 12

13. Customized Formulation available in India There are about 80 formulation (N, NP, NPK, NPKS available) Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) has approved about 36 formulation of customized fertilizers . At present nearly 1 lakh tonne of customized fertilizer is being marketed by four companies in India - Tata chemical Ltd., Deepak Fertilizers, Nagarjuna fertilizers and Coromandal industries Ltd. Tata Chemicals Ltd . : Paras Farmulae , the country’s first ever CF product targeted to west and Central UP farmers. 13

14. List of customized fertilizers, approved by GoI 14

15. A few more… 15

16. 1 . Boronated single superphosphate (16 P ,0.15–0.20 B) 2. Zincated urea (43 N, 2 Zn) 3. Zincated phosphate (suspension) (12.9 P, 19.4 Zn) 4. NPK fertilizer fortified with B (10 N, 26 P, 26 K, 0.3 B) 5. NPK fertilizer fortified with B (12 N, 32 P, 16 K, 0.3 B) 6. DAP fortified with B (18 N, 46 P, 0.3 B) 7. NPK fertilizer fortified with Zn (10 N, 26 P, 26 K, 0.5 Zn) 8. NPK fertilizer fortified with Zn (12 N, 32 P, 16 K, 0.5 Zn) 9. Calcium nitrate with B (14.6 N, 0.25 B) (Formulations are given as % of N, P as P 2 O 5 , K as K 2 O, Zn, B). List of Value added fertilizers, approved by GOI 16

17. Maximum uptake of N (117.3 kg/ha), P (21.4 kg/ha ), K (150.5 kg/ha), S (96.1 kg/ha) and Zn (229.9 g/ha) were observed under 150% dose of CF in wheat. ( Dwivedi et al ., 2014). At two different agro climatic zones, customized fertilizer of N: P: K mixture (CF I) and N: P: K: Zn mixture (CF II) increased the iron, calcium and zinc contents in grain in finger millet @150 per cent customized fertilizer dose ( Kaleeswari . 2013). Role of customized fertilizer on nutrient uptake 17

18. Nutrient uptake in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by graded levels of customized fertilizer Basavarajappa et al ., 2021 Karnataka, India Customized fertilizer (14:17:17) 100 % RDF (125 kg N, 62.5 kg P 2 O 5, 62.5 kg K 2 O ha -1 ) A bsolute control (No fertilizer ). 18

19. Increase in plant height with increase in dose of CF in finger millet at Bengaluru . ( Mudalagiriyappa et al . 2015). Split dose application of CF in onion were found significant over RDF. Plant height increased by 10 cm, stem diameter by 1.4 cm, bulb diameter by 4.21 cm, green leaf yield by 30.1 % and total onion bulb yield by 37.7 % ( Kamble and Kathmale 2015). Role of customized fertilizer on growth parameters of crops 19

20. Customized Fertilizer application had an additive effect over spike length, spike weight, 100 grain weight (26 %), grain yield ( 16%), no of productive tillers, panicle length (increased by 4 cm) grain yield over RDF ( Kaleeswari . 2013). Application of 150% dose of CF (recommended by Nagarjuna Fertlizer and Chemical Limited) produced the highest wheat grain yield (4.40 t/ha), straw (5.56 t/ha) and significantly higher nutrient. ( Dwivedi et al . 2014). In finger millet, plant height increased by 31%, no of tillers / hill by 40%, increase in total dry matter production, 37% increase in no. of ears per hill, 12% increase in test weight ( g), grain yield improved by 35 % and straw yield by 32 % ( Mudalagiriyappa et al ., 2015). Role of customized fertilizer on yield parameters of crops 20

21. Effect of different customized fertilizers on growth and yield of different crops in India 21

22. Customized fertilizers (N P K Zn B) improved quality parameters like the head rice recovery (%) and reduce the broken percentage in scented rice (Kumar et al ., 2017) The CF grades designed based on soil test crop response(STCR ) (for a yield target of 45 t ha -1 ) and response curve (RC ) approach with DFPCL CFG on pomegranate had great influence on average number of female flowers rather than male with a percent fruit set (6%) and average yield of “ ABC” grade fruits as well as 10% increase in marketable fruit yield ( Goel , 2009). Role of customized fertilizer on quality parameters of crop 22

23. CF had a considerable effect on soil moisture regime and had increased WUE under 0.8 IW/CPE ratio in potato ( Irfan , 2017). The accumulation of NPK and Zn was higher in soil of CF treated rice plots after harvest as compared to RDF. ( Shyla et al . 2016). However, in rice field CF did not have significant effect on soil pH, organic matter, available N, K 2 O but showed 10% increased by P 2 O 5 in soil ( Kaleeswari , 2013). Nutrient availability in soil also increased with advancement in crop age due to split application of CF (Ali et al . 2007). Role of customized fertilizer on soil properties 23

24. The maximum net energy output was obtained under 150 % dose of CF which was twice the control plot in paddy. Despite of lower energy output, the control treatment registered highest input: output energy ratio due to smaller quantum of energy consumed. ( Meshram , 2015). Role of customized fertilizer on energy use 24

25. Mulberry raised with recommended customized fertilizer with FYM had significantly higher total soluble carbohydrates (17.61 %) and crude protein ( 17.89 %), more total soluble proteins , reducing sugars and soluble sugar contents. ( Ram Rao et al ., 2007). The application of Customized Fertilizer Grade to the pomegranate orchard was found significantly beneficial in respect of total marketable fruits, fruits size, aril percentage and juice percentage ( Goel , 2009). Role of customized fertilizer on biochemical parameters 25

26. Paddy fertilized with CF showed more returns with higher B:C ratio than farmers practice. Net returns increased 14 % over farmers practice ( Dwivedi et al . 2014). Highest net return were obtained under 1.0 IW/ CPE ratio + customized fertilizers ( N:P:K:Zn:B:S ) and highest benefit : cost ratio (1.78) were also recorded due to low cost of irrigation and customized fertilizers in potato. ( Irfan , 2017 ). B C ratio was double in customized fertilizer treated plot as compared to recommended fertilizer dose or farmers practice in wheat crop ( Shekhon et al . 2012). Effect of customized fertilizers on economics of cultivation 26

27. The compost samples’ were fortified using kaolin (KFC), A mmonium chloride (AFC) and NPK(NFC) fertilizer .The unfortified compost (UC) served as control. % increase in the nitrogen content over UC:- 538.87% KFC , 56.33% AFC and 71.17% NFC % increase in the phosphorus content over UC:- 56.31% KFC , 53.21% AFC and 36.75% NFC. F ortification with kaolin increases the magnesium and calcium content of the compost samples F ortification with NPK and ammonium chloride increased the magnesium content of the compost sample by 4.20% and 0.93% respectively. - Achimugu , 2010 Physicochemical characteristics of fortified compost and its effect on the growth of tomato   (Doctoral dissertation, Federal University of Technology Akure ).   27 Nutrient status of fortified compost over normal compost

28. In Paddy conventional fertilizers (urea , DAP and MOP) were added on one side and on the other side Engro Zarkhaz Plus (8-23-18) was used. Zarkhaz Plus treatment yielded 12% more than conventional fertilizers . Zarkhaz Plus (8-23-18) is a blended fertilizer used at the time of sowing in which the presence of organic fillers and bio- stumulents . - Muhammad Hasnain , 2021 Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad 28 Effect of value added fertilizers on yield of paddy

29. Maximizing crop yields per unit use of fertilizer M inimizing unwanted impacts on the environment and human health. As the micro-nutrients are also added they prevent micronutrient deficiency in plant. The farmer need not buy micronutrient fertilizers or secondary nutrient fertilizers separately , thus reducing the total cost and increasing B:C Ratio Incorporation of micro-nutrient with fertilizer results in uniform distribution of micro-nutrient Customized fertilizers resolves the issue of poor fertilizer use efficiency The benefits of customized fertilizer and value added fertilizer 29

30. Most important issues which hinder the marketing of CF and FF High cost of CF and FF, also not subsidized by Government of India. Necessity of investing heavy capital in state of the art manufacturing facility for CF and FF Limited awareness and very low affordability among the farmers. Uncertainty in response when fertility is restored in the field . 30

31. Achimugu , M. O. (2010).  Physicochemical characteristics of fortified compost and its effect on the growth of tomato  (Doctoral dissertation, Federal University of Technology Akure ). Ali, M.K., Alam , M.F., Alam , M.N., Islam, M.S. and Khandaker , S.M.A.T.(2007). Effect of nitrogen and potassium level on yield and quality seed production of onion. Journal of Applied Science and Research. 3(12): 1889-1899. Amarnath , G. (2012). Nagarjuna group, NFCL EHSQ Environment, Health, Safety and Quality Express news service. Carlier , E, Rover, M., Jaume , A.R. and Rosas, S.B. (2008). Improvement of growth under field conditions, of wheat inoculated with Pseudomonas chloraphis subsp. aurentia SR1. World Journal of Microbiolgy and Biotechnology. 24: 2653-2658. Dahiya , S., Usha , Jaiwal , P.K. and Singh, R.P. (2004). Efficient nitrogen assimilation and high productivity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) applied with organic matrix based slow release nitrogen fertilizers. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 10: 83-92. Das, D.K. and Mitali , M. (2015). Advanced Technology of Fertilizer Uses for Crop Production. In: Fertilizer Technology. Vol. 1 synthesis, [( Eds ) Shishir Sinha , K.K. Pant and Shailendra Bajpai ], First Edition Chapter 5, Studium Press, LLC, USA (pp.101-150). Dewal , G.S. and Pareek , R.G. (2004). Effect of phosphorus, sulphur and zinc on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). Indian Journal of Agronomy. 49(3): 160-162. Dwivedi , S.K., Meshram , M.R. and Pandey , N. (2014). Response of customized fertilizer on wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) under Chattisgarh condition. An International Quarterly Journal of Environmental Sciences. 9(4): 1509-1512. Fertilizer Association of India-Northern Region. (2011). Fertilizer orientation course 19-20th. Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Fertilizer Control Order. (1985). Government of India. Jat , L., Naresh , R. K., Tiwari , R., Singh, A., & Katiyar , D. (2019). Chapter-5 Advanced and Optimisation Technologies of Fertilizer Uses on Crop Growth and Quality.  AGRONOMY , 99. Kadalli G. G & Sujith Goudra Mahadevappa (2021) Nutrient requirement and use efficiency of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by graded levels of customized fertilizer, Journal of Plant Nutrition, 44:19, 2897-2911, DOI:10.1080/01904167.2021.1927081 Prakash Nagabovanalli Basavarajappa , Shruthi , Mallikarjuna Lingappa , Ram Rao , D.M., Kodandaramaiah , J., Reddy, M.P., Katiyar , R.S. and Rahmathulla , V.K. (2007). Effect of VAM fungi and bacterial biofertilizers on mulberry leaf quality and silkworm cocoon characters under semiarid conditions. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences. 5(2): 111-117. Rawat S.K. and Singh, R.P. (2010). Seasonal variation of nitrate level in ground and surface water of Lucknow and its remediation using certain aquatic macrophytes . International Journal of Lakes and Rivers. 3: 25-36. Sekhon B.S., Kaur , S. and Singh, P. (2012). Evaluation of a customized fertilizer on wheat. Indian Journal of Ecology. 39(1): 71-75 Shyla , P.N., Sadatulla , F., Prabhakar , V., Pallavi , Rashmi , S., Babu , S. and Sharma, R. (2016). Influence of customized fertilizers on bio-chemical composition of V1 Mulberry. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences.3(3): 261-264. Singh, B. (2014). Maintaining healthy soils: challenges and opportunities for the fertilizer industry IFA crossroads Asia-Pacific, Singapore. Singh, R., Kalra , N. and Mehan K. (2007). Fertilizer informatics: Applications in site specific resource and customized fertilizer use management. Indian Journal of Fertilizers.3(6): 13-54. Tan, Z.X., Lal , R. and Wiebe , K.D. (2005). Global soil nutrient depletion and yield reduction. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 26: 123-146. Tiwari K.N. (2010). Relevance of customized fertilizers in the era of multi-nutrient deficiency. Indian Journal of Fertilizers.6(12): 76-86. 31 References :-

32. Thank you 1 32