Cytoplasm ppt (introduction structure & function)

cell organelle cytoplasm ppt presented in American University of Barbados

1. cytoplasm By :- Yogesh Vishwakarma

2. Review on Cytoplasm It’s a jelly-like fluid that fills a cell. It is made up of mostly water and salt. It contains molecules such as enzymes. It is made of 70% - 90% water and is colorless usually. The inner of the cytoplasm is known as the endoplasm

3. What exactly is the cytoplasm It is basically everything within the cell excluding the nucleus. inside cell – nucleus = cytoplasm The cytoplasm is made up of three components. They are; Membrane enclosed organelle Cytosol Inclusions

4. Membrane enclosed organelles These are distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm. They are each specialized to perform a different function. organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm .

5. Cytosol This is the gel-like substance that is enclosed within the cell membrane that is not held by the organelles inside the cell. it is a complex mixture of cytoskeleton filaments, dissolved molecules and water. It is the site of many chemical reactions that are fundamental to the cells existence .

6. Cytosol, the complex mixture Cytoskeleton filament This is what give the cell its shape. It is made up of the protein filament (actin filament) and microtubules. Water 70% of the Cytosol is made of water.

7. Cytosol, the complex mixture Dissolved molecules This is small and large molecules and dissolved ions. Enzymes, fatty acids, sugars, nucleic acids, & amino acids are used to keep the cell working. Waste products are present until removed.

8. Inclusions These are stored nutrients, crystals, secretary products and pigment granules. They are the accumulation of material that is not metabolically active. They are usually present in the Cytosol only temporarily . They are non-soluble molecules

9. Types of inclusions Secretary inclusion Nutritive inclusions: Glycogen, lipids. Pigment granules Crystalline inclusions

10. Function of the cytoplasm It aids in movement of genetic material and products of cellular respiration within the cell. It helps to fill out the cell and keep organelles in their place. It gives the cell its shape. It aids to dissolve waste products .

11. Function of the cytoplasm It prevents the grouping of organelles in places due to gravity that would prevent their function. It acts as a buffer and protects the genetics material of the cell from damage caused due to movement and collision with other cells. It aids in metabolic activity.

12. Question time Which of the following is a types of inclusion? Glycogen inclusions Lipids inclusions Crystalline inclusions Lipofusion inclusions

13. Metabolic activity in the cytoplasm - Glycolysis This is the 1 st stage in cellular respiration which occurs for energy production. It can occur both during aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The glycolytic enzymes needed are all found in the Cytosol.

14. Glycolysis Therefore, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 H + and 2 pyruvic acid molecules are formed at the end of this reaction. Steps 1 and 3 = – 2ATP Steps 7 and 10 = + 4 ATP therefore; Net visible ATP produced = 2.

15. Question time In what step is enzyme Aldolase used to split fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into two sugars, which are isomers of each other? the fourth step.