Dart ion source- mass spectrometry

DART(direct analysis in real time)-mass spectrometry - a new and sensitive ion source for mass spectrometry existing in many fields of analysis

1. B . Keerthana, B.Pharm , s.p.s.p DART Ion-Mass spectrometry Slide 1

2. Contents: Introduction Basic principle of Mass spectrometry Ionization Ion sources DART ion source DART ion application Mass spectrometry analyzers and detectors References. Slide 2

3. Introduction of Mass spectrometry MASS SPECTROMETRY: Mass spectrometry is an instrumental technique in which sample is converted to rapidly moving positive ions by electron bombardment and charged particles are separated according to their masses. MASS SPECTRUM: Mass spectrum is a plot relative abundance against the ratio of mass/charge(m/e). Slide 3

4. Simple mass spectrometry Slide 4

5. slide5 Basic principle:

6. Modern Mass spectrometry Inlet system Ion sources Mass analysers Ion detectors Vacuum system . Slide 6

7. Instrumentation of mass spectrometry Slide 7

8. Ionization sources: Chemical Ionization (CI) Atmospheric Pressure chemical ionization(APCI) Electron Impact (EI) Electrospray Ionization(ESI) Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) Field Desorption/Field Ionization (FD/FI) Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization(MALDI) Thermo spray Ionization (TI) Direct analysis in real time(DART ) Slide 8

9. Electron ionization: Side view of EI Ion formation reaction occur in EI Slide 9

10. Chemical Ionisation (CI) The ion formation reactions that can occur during methane CI. Slide 10

11. Electrospray ionisation (ESI): An ESI source Slide 11

12. The mechanism of ion formation in ESI. Slide 12

13. Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation (APCI ): detailed view of the mechanism of APCI . Slide 13

14. Fast atom bombardment(fab)& liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry( lSIMS ): the mechanism of fast particle beam ionisation mass spectrometry ( FAB and LSIMS) Slide 14

15. Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation (MALDI ) diagram of the mechanism of MALDI. Slide 15

16. Introduction: The new ion source reported herein over-comes these limitations. The new technique, referred to as Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART tm), has been coupled to the AccuTOFLCtm atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer to permit high-resolution, exact mass measurements of gases, liquids, and solids . DART successfully sampled hundreds of chemicals, including chemical agents and their signatures, pharmaceutics, metabolites, pesticides and environmentally significant compounds etc., The composition of drug capsules and tablets was directly analyzed . Slide 16 DART IONSOURCE ( DIRECT ANALYSIS IN REAL TIME ) :

17. Slide 17 Dart ion source-mass spectrometry:

18. Background and Principle of Operation : The discovery that DART could be used for positive-ion and negative-ion non-contact detection of materials on surfaces, as well as for detection of gases and liquids. DART is based on the atmospheric pressure interactions of long-lived electronic excited-state atoms or vibronic excited-state molecules with the sample and atmospheric gases. o The DART ion source is shown. A gas (typically helium or nitrogen) flows through a chamber where an electrical discharge produces ions, electrons, and excited-state (metastable) atoms and molecules . Slide 18

19. Principle of DART Ionization: DART ionization is based on the interaction between excited state atoms or molecules, and atmospheric gas and/or analytes . Plasma is generated by glow discharge from the needle electrode in a helium gas stream. The plasma includes ions, electrons, and excited state (metastable) atoms or molecules. The majority of charged particles are eliminated by the grounded electrode and the excited state neutral species are expelled to the atmosphere. The gas stream can be heated by the gas heater to help analytes vaporization or desorption from the substrate surface. Slide 19

20. DART Advantages Minimal sample preparation; Sample maintenance under ambient conditions Outside the vacuum system; Rapid Sensitive High‐throughput analysis; The ability for in‐situ detection. Gentle ionization methods. Used for both organic and biological. Compounds , polar and non‐polar molecules Slide 20

21. Dart applications: Forensics Pharmaceutics food chemistry biological samples chemical analysis fragrance industry DART has been used for analysis of explosives ,drugs , inks , sexual assault evidence , and of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal samples. Slide 21

22. Mass Analyzers: quadrupoles Time-of-Flight (TOF) magnetic sectors Fourier transform and quadrupole ion traps . Mass detectors: Electron multiplier Faraday cup Scintillator ('Daly' detector ). Slide 22

23. fields that use mass spectrometry: Pharmaceutical sciences Proteomics Drug discovery Clinical testing Genomics Environmental sciences Geology etc., Slide 23 Applications of mass spectrometer:

24. [1]. https://masspec.scripps.edu/. [2].Merriam-Webster dictionary, Medical dictionary by FARLAX, https://en.Wikipedia.org/. [3]. Modern Mass Spectroscopy, pp. 1-302, 225. Springer- Verlag , Berlin, 2003. [4]. MacMillan Group Meeting 2005 Sandra Lee. [5]. http://simons.com/. [6].RAPID COMM MASS SPECTROM,vol-II,2-16(1997), [7].JEOL USA,Inc. EAI Corporation, GEO Centers Inc. Edgewood chemical Biological center. [8].https://www.jeolusa.com/ms/ms prodsaccutof_dart.html. [9]. Eid Alsbou (2010), MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY. [10]. Witt & Bowers: JACS 2000,122, 3458. [11]. J.L. Jimenez – Fall 2007 University of Colorado-Boulder . Slide 24 References :

25. Thank you