Data and information data processing activities

2nd year
Computer science
Chapter # 1
Lecture # 1
Data and information
Data is raw facts and figures
Information is processed form of data
Data processing activities
1. Data capturing
2. Data manipulation
*Classifying
*Calculation
*Sorting
*Summarizing
3. Managing output results
*Storage
*Retrieval
*Communication
*Reproduction

1. Chapter 1: Data Basics Overview of Data and Information, Data Processing

2. Define Data • Collection of facts and figures related to an object • Can be text, numbers, images, sound, or videos • Important for organization and management • Enables better decision-making for future activities Example: Roll Number, Student Name, Father Name, and Marks of different subjects

3. Define Information • Processed data • Meaningful, useful, and organized • Used for making decisions • Data is input for processing, information is the output Example: Processed student data to find total marks, grades, or number of passed/failed students

4. Data Processing • Manipulating data to achieve required objectives and results • Known as operations on data • Involves converting data into meaningful information • Series of actions or operations on data

5. Activities involved in data processing Data capturing Data manipulation Managing output results

6. Data Capturing Recording data in some form Data may be recorded on source documents Can be input directly to the computer through input devices

7. Data Manipulation Applying different operations on data Operations: • Classifying: Organizing data into classes or groups • Calculation: Applying arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc.) • Sorting: Arranging data in a logical sequence • Summarizing: Reducing a large amount of data to a concise form

8. Managing Output Result Activities performed after data is captured and manipulated: • Storage: Retaining data for future use (hard disk, tapes, etc.) • Retrieval: Accessing or fetching stored data as required • Communication: Transferring data from one location to another • Reproduction: Copying or duplicating data

9. Data vs. Information Feature Data Information Definition Raw facts and figures Processed data Purpose Input for computers Output for users Volume Large Concise Reproducibility Difficult Easier to recreate Usage Frequency Infrequent Frequent Dependency Information depends on data Data does not depend on information