Data Collection in Qualitative Research.pptx

This ppt can be used in discussing Practical Research 1.

1. Data Collection in Qualitative Research

2. How are you going to relate each picture to this module’s topic which is data collection? Justify your answer.

3. Direct Data include recordable spoken or written words and also observable body language, actions, and interactions. the interactions may be human-to-human or human responses to inanimate objects This will occur when considering the thoughts, feelings, experiences, meaning of experience, responses, actions, interactions, language, and processes of individuals and groups within their social and/or cultural setting (Babbie, 2014).

4. Direct Data This will occur when considering the thoughts, feelings, experiences, meaning of experience, responses, actions, interactions, language, and processes of individuals and groups within their social and/or cultural setting (Babbie, 2014).

5. Indirect Data are generated, firsthand, by someone or something else, such as with documents or photographs reporting an event or an artistic rendition of an event or experience novels, songs, paintings, poems, photographs

6. DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS

7. 1. INTERVIEW Interviews are viewed as the prime method for qualitative data collection, which also represent the most common method for gathering qualitative data in nursing-related research (Issacs 2014). unstructured, semi-structured, or occasionally structured

8. unstructured interview neither the specific questions to be asked nor the range or type of possible answers are predetermined. designed to be informal and conversational tend to start with single broad questions, such as ‘what is your experience of…’

9. semi-structured interviews use an interview guide to provide a set of questions for discussion there is freedom to pose any questions in any order, following tangents or seeking clarification of previous answers or elaboration of responses

10. structured interviews Structured interviews follow a list of set questions, usually asked in a certain order—but these questions are still open-ended; that is, usually commencing with words like ‘how’, ‘why’, ‘where’, or ‘when’.

11. Conducting Interviews The structure and conduct of interviews are important; both factors will impact on the quality of the data generated. Conducting interviews can be complex and demanding and requires attention to process (Peters & Halcomb 2015).

12. Conducting Interviews The structure and conduct of interviews are important; both factors will impact on the quality of the data generated. Conducting interviews can be complex and demanding and requires attention to process (Peters & Halcomb 2015).

13. 2. OBSERVATION This happens when a researcher observes and takes notes of the behavior of people that they want to be a part of their research. naturalistic, participative, non-naturalistic observation

14. naturalistic observation this happens when a researcher observes the behavior of a group of people in their natural setting.

15. participative observation this observation happens when a researcher takes part on the activities of the group of people that they are observing.

16. non-naturalistic observation this type of observation happens when you take your respondents out of their natural environment and put them in an environment of your choice.

17. 3. QUESTIONNAIRES They are also one of the most common types of instruments that is being used by qualitative researchers. This is somewhat similar to interviews based on the format of questions that is being used.

18. closed-ended questionnaires this type of questionnaire is similar to a structured interview. This is mostly used when you want to conduct surveys on your respondents. This is mostly for statistical purposes and the questions are already prepared for your respondents to answer

19. open-ended questionnaires unlike close-ended questionnaires, this type of questionnaire leaves a blank space for the respondents to give their point of view about a specific question.

20. combination of both this type of questionnaire combines both the close-ended and open-ended questionnaires.

21. 4. Focus Group Discussion This type of data gathering instrument focuses on groups of people being interviewed at the same time. This relies on the respondents to give a discussion amongst themselves on the questions that you, the researcher, give.

22. Gathering your data

23. There are several steps in the observation process as discussed by creswell (2007). 1. Select where you want to conduct your observation. This can be a classroom, community or a home where you want to observe the different behavior of the participants for your research.

24. There are several steps in the observation process as discussed by creswell (2007). Find the means to gather your observed data. Take your time to write down the important details. What kind of observation will you be using? Politely thank the participants.

25. How do we conduct a proper interview? • Find out what type of interview you will be using. • Secure a letter of communication to the people that you want to interview. • Make sure that you have your interview questions. • Have the right equipment. • Let the participant choose where they want the interview to be conducted. Politely thank the participants afterwards.

26. How to establish a good relationship and communication with your participants? Treat your participants with respect. Wear proper and formal outfit during the interview. • Maintain eye contact and do not be afraid to engage in a conversation with your participant. Do not ask personal questions that are not related to your research. Do not forget to thank them for their time and participation.