Data Visualization can be awesome tools when used the right way

CREATING & INTERPRETING THE APPROPRIATE CHART FOR YOUR DATA

1. CREATING & INTERPRETING THE APPROPRIATE CHART FOR YOUR DATA

2. the human brain is AMAZING especially at recogniz i ng shapes and patterns

3. the connection between the eye and the brain is fast

4. Mb/s 8.96 the brain receives 8.96 megabits of data from the eye every second Koch, K., (2006). How Much the Eye Tells the Brain. Current Biology, 16(14), 1428-1434 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982206016393

5. b/s 81.6 that is equivalent to 81.6 bits of data per second Koch, K., (2006). How Much the Eye Tells the Brain. Current Biology, 16(14), 1428-1434 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982206016393

6. the fundamental ways we use DATA VISUALIZATIONS to analyze to discover to support a story to tell a story to teach

7. the fundamental ways we use DATA VISUALIZATIONS to analyze to discover to support a story to tell a story to teach

8. TIPS TO PRESENT AWESOME CHARTS Source: Vivek Singh. (www.allaboutpresentations.com)

9. 1 THE BIGGER PICTURE the fundamental ways we use DATA VISUALIZATIONS to analyze to discover to support a story to tell a story to teach dis/ p r o v e som e thing share information

10. DO YOU REALLY NEED A CHART? Your organization has grown leaps and bounds in the last 30 years. This is your key message. To prove this to the new recruits you have this raw data. 2 Year No. of Employees 1979 5 1984 11 1989 30 1993 130 1994 300 1997 400 1999 575 2001 1000 2004 2000 2005 3000 2006 4500 2007 5500 2008 7000 2009 8420 Worksheet “01”

11. 2 DO YOU REALLY NEED A CHART? Your organization has grown leaps and bounds in the last 30 years. This is your key message. To prove this to the new recruits you have this raw data. Year No. of Employees makes data easy to unde rs t and Reveals r el a tions h ip between data amplifies impact of data Conv ert s r a w d a t a i n t o us e fu l i n f orm a tion f or managerial decision making Worksheet “01” Year No. of Employees 1979 5 1984 11 1989 30 1993 130 1994 300 1997 400 1999 575 2001 1000 2004 2000 2005 3000 2006 4500 2007 5500 2008 7000 2009 8420

12. You conducted a market research and found that your product’s market share is 5%. This is very low and you want the management to take strong cognizance. Here are two ways of presenting this information: Use charts only when you have more than one data point.

13. 3 WHICH CHART TYPE SHOULD YOU USE? What are you doing with your raw data? compare data break data into smaller parts to see what it is composed of see data over time discover correlation between two sets of data Worksheet “02”

14. 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 4000 Value of Real Property in Cebu as of 2007 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 discover correlation between two sets of data Square Footage Value 2000 238,139.37 2200 259,711.95 2400 300,953.67 3000 369,965.73 3200 340,091.30 3600 405,425.02 2900 345,131.03

15. Compare data Break data into parts See data over time Compare data A Break data into parts D B See data over time E F C A. COMPARE DATA 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 In d ia C hi n a In d o n e si a 0 0.2 0.4 . 6 0.8 When you are comparing data, use bar graph. 1 1.2 In d ia C hi n a In d o n e sia per Capita Consumption (in USD) per Capita Consumption (in USD) Worksheet “03”

16. Compare data Break data into parts See data over time Compare data A Break data into parts D B See data over time E F C B. BREAK DATA INTO PARTS When you break down data to analyze what it is comprised of then you can use pie charts, stacked bar graphs and normal bar graphs. Indian Prom o te r s , 16% Mutual Funds, 4% Ba n ks, FI , I n sur a n ce Cos., 4% FIIs, 36% Indian P ub l i c, 16% O t h ers, 24% 0% 1 0% 2 0% 3 0% 4 0% Others I nd i an Pu b l i c FIIs Banks, FI, Insurance Cos. M ut ua l F u n ds I n di an Pr o m o t e rs % Shareholding % Shareholding 24% 16% 36% 4% 4% 16% 1 % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % Shareholding O t he r s Indian Public F I I s Banks, FI, Insurance Cos. Mutual Funds Indian Promoters Worksheet “04”

17. Compare data Break data into parts See data over time Compare data A Break data into parts D B See data over time E F C C. SEE DATA OVER TIME For presenting data over time, you can use line graphs, bar graphs, and area graphs. Worksheet “05” CV Coconut Production Volume (2005-2015) $1,800.00 $1,600.00 $1,400.00 $1,200.00 $1,000.00 $800.00 $600.00 $400.00 $200.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CV Coconut Production Volume (2005-2015) $1,800.00 $1,600.00 $1,400.00 $1,200.00 $1,000.00 $800.00 $600.00 $400.00 $200.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CV Coconut Production Volume (2005-2015) $1,800.00 $1,600.00 $1,400.00 $1,200.00 $1,000.00 $800.00 $600.00 $400.00 $200.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

18. Compare data Break data into parts See data over time Compare data A Break data into parts D B See data over time E F C D. BREAK DATA INTO PARTS AND COMPARE SUB-PARTS Indian P u bli c , 7% O the r s, 59% %Shareholder Infosys as of June 30, 2009 P r o m ote r s, 27% Pro 9 m o t e r s, 1% FIIs, 1% ndian I Pu blic, 1% Ot hers 7% %Shareholder Wipro as of June 30, 2009 P r o m ote r s, 49% FIIs, 2% Indian P u blic, 39% %Shareholder Polaris as of June 30, 2009 O the r s, 10% FI I s , 7% Worksheet “06”

19. Compare data Break data into parts See data over time Compare data A Break data into parts D B See data over time E F C D. BREAK DATA INTO PARTS AND COMPARE SUB-PARTS To do meaningful analysis, understand the data first. Stacked bar chart helps much better than a pie chart. Worksheet “06”

20. Compare data Break data into parts See data over time Compare data A Break data into parts D B See data over time E F C E. COMPARING DATA OVERTIME Comparing two or more pieces of data across many time periods use bar graph or line graph. 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 CV Female Tertiary Education Graduates (2009-2010 to 2015-2016) 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 Total Business Administration, & Related 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 CV Female Tertiary Education Graduates (2009-2010 to 2015-2016) 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 Total Business Administration, & Related Avoid bar graph as the number of data points crosses 15. Worksheet “07”

21. Compare data Break data into parts See data over time Compare data A Break data into parts D B See data over time E F C F. BREAKING DATA INTO PARTS & SEEING IT OVER TIME Breaking down data into parts and then seeing how these parts shape up over time, you can use stacked bar graph or stacked area graph. 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1999 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1999 2009 2019 World's Consumption of Oil World's Consumption of Oil 2009 2019 Palm Soyabeen Rapeseed Others Palm Soyabeen Rapeseed Others Worksheet “08”

22. Compare data Break data into parts See data over time Compare data Bar Graph Break data into parts Stacked Bar Graph Pie Chart, Bar Graph, Stacked Bar Graph See data over time Bar Graph, Line Graph Stacked Area Graph, Stacked Bar Graph Line Graph, Area Graph, Bar Graph SUMMARY

23. 4 WHAT IS YOUR KEY MESSAGE? 1 2 3 4 Know what your key message is . Know what point you are trying to make/prove/disprove with your chart. Do not have more than one key message for every chart. Two is just too many. Write down key message on the slide in one sentence . Make sure it is clearly visible and readable .

24. 1 .2 1 .4 10 .0 8.6 Q4 '07 Q1 '08 Q2 '08 Q3 '08 Q4 '08 A&P as % Net Sales 11.4 Quarter A&P as % Net Sales Q4 '07 10.2 Q1 '08 11.4 Q2 '08 10.4 Q3 '08 10.0 Q4 '08 8.6 Look at this chart from investor presentation in Hindustan Uniliver. Unilever’s spending on advertising and promotion (A&P) has gone down in the last quarter of 2008. Being the biggest spender in India on advertising, their investors might be worried seeing this. Brand investment remain competitive. A&P spends marginally lower than Q4 ‘07.

25. 5 CHART TITLE 1 2 Chart title should be descriptive and not too short. Chart title should also have the time period mentioned. The year should be written in full. 2008-2009 is better than 08-09. Understand who your audience is. Realize they have limited exposure time to see and understand the chart. Admit that it is they who will decide whether your charts are good or bad.

26. 6 NUMBER OF DATA POINTS What is a data point? If a pie chart has 5 parts then it has 5 data points. If bar chart has 8 vertical bars, there is 1 bar for each of the 8 data points. How do you decide on the correct number of data points? For analysis, you might need 20 data points. To pro v e th e p oin t o f t h e presen t ation, y o u might onl y need .

27. 7 CHART LEGEND What is a chart legend? It is a guide that helps your audience read your chart. It is a visual symbol of the data series that has been plotted on the chart. Do not use a legend when you have data series (e.g. sales over time) CV Coconut Production Volume (2005-2015) $1,800.00 $1,600.00 $1,400.00 $1,200.00 $1,000.00 $800.00 $600.00 $400.00 $200.00 $0.00 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 a

28. 27% 7% 7% 5 9% %Shareholder of Infosys as of June 30, 2009 Pr o mo t ers FIIs Indian Public Others Promoters, 27% FIIs, 7% Indian Public, 7% O the r s, 59% %Shareholder of Infosys as of June 30, 2009 This pie chart looks smarter and friendlier. b

29. 24% 16% 36% 4% 4% 16% 0% 1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 % 6 % 7 % 8 % 9 % 1 % % Shareholding O t h ers Indian Public FIIs Banks, FI, Insurance Cos. Mutual Funds Indian Promoters The legend should be in sync with the bar graphs. c Worksheet “09” 2000 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 CV Tertiary Education Female Graduates (2009-2010 to 2015-2016) Business Administration Engineering Education Science Medical and Allied 1 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 d CV Tertiary Education Female Graduates (2009-2010 to 2015-2016) Business Administration Education Science Engineering Medical and Allied Lab e llin g t h e lin es o n t h e r i gh t is better

30. 8 CHART AXIS What is a chart axis? 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 200,000 150 200 250 300 350 4000 It is an axis in a chart or graph is the line along which we measure our variables. Value of Real Property in Cebu as of 2007 Value of Real Property in Cebu as of 2007 As a rule, always start your axis from zero. In case you are not doing so, for some justified reason, then you must inform the audience of the aberration. a

31. Worksheet “10” When you are using variables whose values are different from each other or the gap between the maximum and minimum value is too big, then add a secondary axis. b 0% 5% 1 5% 1 0% 2 0% 2 5% 3 5% 3 0% 4 0% 1 00 2 00 3 00 4 00 5 00 6 00 Financial Performance of Spacetel, 2003-2008 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 Annual Sales ($) Profits ($) Profit (% Sales) 6 00 5 00 4 00 3 00 2 00 1 00 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 Financial Performance of Spacetel, 2003-2008 Annual Sales ($) Profits ($) Profit (% Sales)

32. CREATING & INTERPRETING THE APPROPRIATE CHART FOR YOUR DATA