DCDVFBHYHVREYFJYBUKJBB HVRCEEVTFHVV.pptx

FGCDRGV

1. INTRODUCTION THE CBD OR CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT IS THE FOCAL POINT OF A CITY. IT IS THE COMMERCIAL, OFFICE, RETAIL, AND CULTURAL CENTER OF THE CITY AND USUALLY IS THE CENTER POINT FOR TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS. IT MAINTAINS A SPECIAL CULTURAL STATUS AS HISTORIC CENTRE OF THE CITY AS WELL AS SERVING AS A COMMUNITY CENTRE FOR THE SURROUNDING REGION. IT ALSO MAINTAINS A PEDESTRIAN ORIENTED CHARACTER. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND THE CBD DEVELOPED AS THE MARKET SQUARE IN ANCIENT CITIES. ON MARKET DAYS, FARMERS, MERCHANTS AND CONSUMERS WOULD GATHER IN THE CENTER OF THE CITY TO EXCHANGE, BUY, AND SELL GOODS. THIS ANCIENT MARKET IS THE FORERUNNER TO THE CBD. AS CITIES GREW AND DEVELOPED, CBDS BECAME FIXED LOCATION WHERE RETAIL AND COMMERCE TOOK PLACE. THE CBD IS OFTEN NEAR A MAJOR TRANSPORTATION ROUTE THAT PROVIDED THE SITE FOR THE CITY'S LOCATION, SUCH AS A RIVER, RAILROAD, OR HIGHWAY. • GENERAL OBJECTIVES • ACCESSIBILITY -DISTRICT CENTRE SHOULD BE PLANNED IN A WAY SO THAT EVERY ACTIVITY FALLS WITHIN THE ACCESSIBLE DISTANCE. POSSIBLE LAYOUTS THIS LAYOUT COMPRISES OF A SEPARATE AREA FOR PEDESTRIAN IN THE FORM OF PEDESTRIAN MALL THIS LAYOUT DIFFERS FROM THE FIRST OPTION BY THE INTRODUCTION OF ACTIVITY AREAS LIKE MUSEUM OR LIBRARY. ALL BLOCKS ENCLOSE A COMMON OPEN SPACE. IT LEADS TO THE CREATION OF VARIETY OF SPACES IT IS THE SIMPLEST OF ALL LAYOUTS. THE CENTRE IS APPROACHED THROUGH LINEAR CONNECTIVITY. CENTRAL PARKING WITH PERIPHERAL BUILDINGS AND SERVICE ROADS. APPROACH WITH ONE COURT & TWO MAGNETS PLACED IN DIAGONAL MANNER. POSSIBLE SECTIONS • SAFETY -BY PROVIDING ROAD SIDE INFRASTRUCTURE ENCOURAGING PEDESTRIAN’S MOVEMENT AND LESS VEHICULAR TRAFFIC WHICH HELP ENHANCE SAFETY. • COMFORT -PROVIDING MORE SITTING SPACES IN THE PARKS, FACILITIES LIKE PUBLIC CONVENIENCES. • COMPATIBILITY -ANY TWO ACTIVITIES PROVIDED IN CONSECUTIVELY WOULD BE COMPATIBLE WITH EACH OTHER OR BUFFER ZONE WOULD BE PROVIDED FOR THE SAME. CBD – CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT IDENTIFYING FEATURES OF THE C.B.D • TALL/MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS. • EXPENSIVE LAND VALUES. • HIGH DENSITY OF ROADS AND BUILDINGS. • FOCUS FOR ROAD AND RAIL TRANSPORT • SHOPS, E.G DEPARTMENT STORES. • MODERN SHOPPING MALLS AND PEDESTRIAN PRECINCTS. • CULTURAL/HISTORICAL BUILDINGS , E.G MUSEUMS AND CASTLES. • OFFICES, E.G BUSINESS SECTOR. THE CORE - FRAME MODEL OF A C.B.D.

2. CBD – CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT • IF AN AREA MEETS MANY OR ALL OF THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA, IT WOULD PROBABLY BE CONSIDERED A CBD: I. HOUSES LARGE PUBLIC BUILDINGS SUCH AS LIBRARIES, CHURCHES, STATIONS AND TOWN HALLS. II. CONTAINS SPECIALIST SHOPS AND BRANCHES OF MAJOR DEPARTMENT STORES. III. CONTAINS SOCIAL AMENITIES SUCH AS CINEMA HALLS, CLUBS AND THEATRES. IV. CONTAINS LITTLE HOUSING, BUT OFTEN HOTELS. V. CONTAINS LITTLE OR NO INDUSTRY. VI. CONTAINS OFFICES AND OTHER PROFESSIONAL BUILDINGS. • CONTAINS BUILDINGS THAT TEND TO BE TALLER THAN OTHER BUILDINGS IN THE CITY (BECAUSE LAND PRICES TEND TO BE AT A PREMIUM, MAKING HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS ECONOMICALLY FAVORABLE) • HAS HIGH PEDESTRIAN LEVELS AND THE GREATEST PARKING RESTRICTIONS. OFTEN IS THE GEOGRAPHICAL CENTRE OF THE SETTLEMENT. • OFTEN IS THE AREA WITH THE HIGHEST LAND VALUE. IS WELL CONNECTED BY PUBLIC TRANSPORT, WITH LARGE NUMBERS OF PASSENGERS. • HAS A HIGH TRAFFIC LEVEL. PARKING 1)0° - PARALLEL TO ROAD. ENTRY AND EXIT TO PARKING BAY DIFFICULT. SUITABLE FOR NARROW ROADS. 2) 30°- ANGLE TO ACCESS ROAD. EASY ENTRY TO PARKING BAY AND EXIT. USES A LARGE AREA. 3) 45°- ANGLE TO ACCESS ROAD. GOOD ENTRY TO PARKING BAY AND EXIT. RELATIVELY SMALL PARKING SPACE. 4) 60°- ANGLE TO ACCESS ROAD. RELATIVELY GOOD ENTRY AND EXIT TO PARKING BAY; SMALL PARKING SPACE. ARRANGEMENT OFTEN USED. 5) RIGHT ANGLES TO ROAD (PARKING SPACES 2.50 M WIDE). SHARP TURN NEEDED FOR ENTRY AND EXIT. 6) RIGHT ANGLES TO ROAD (PARKING SPACES 2.30 M WIDE). SMALL AREA NEEDED FOR PARKING SPACE. IDEAL FOR COMPACT PARKING LAYOUTS, USED FREQUENTLY. • 2 WHEELER PARKING: 1.2 X 2.1 M • CAR - PARKING: 2.5 X 5 M - TURNING RADIUS 5M • BUS - PARKING: 3.5 X 12 M - TURNING RADIUS 12.2M PEDESTRIAN GENERAL SITE DESIGN FOR PEDESTRIANS NO SHORTAGE OF SOURCES FOR SITE FURNISHINGS TODAY. RANGE OF WELL-DESIGNED & DURABLE MATERIALS IN MANY STYLES FROM WHICH THE DESIGNER MAY CHOOSE. ALL OF THESE FURNISHINGS COMPLY WITH THE ACCEPTED STANDARDS OF HUMAN DIMENSIONS & BEHAVIOR IS NECESSARY. WALKWAYS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF DESIGN FOR THE PEDESTRIAN IS THE PATHWAY OR SIDE-WALK. THE SIDEWALK WIDTH MUST BE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE THE LEVEL OF SERVICE SUITED TO THE USER. THE PARAMETERS OF SIDEWALK WIDTH ARE DETERMINED ACCORDING TO THE : -ANTICIPATED VOLUME OF FOOT TRAFFIC, -THE SPEED AT WHICH THE PEDESTRIANS WILL BE WALKING ,AND THE DESIRED DENSITY OF TRAFFIC. BARRIER FREE ENVIRONMENT.

3. CBD – CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT RETAIL SHOPES AND STORES RETAIL OUTLETS CAN BE BROADLY DIVIDED INTO • SMALL SHOPS – 20 SQ M • MEDIUM SHOPS – 50 SQ M • LARGE SHOPS – 150 SQ M • DEPARTMENTAL STORES OR • SUPERMARKETS – 350 SQ M PLANNING GUIDELINES • OCCUPATION IN STORES - 1 PERSON PER 5 TO 6 SQ M; 1 PERSON PER 1.8 SQ M IN PEAK HOURS • SHELF UNITS - SHELF UNITS SHOULD NOT BE HIGHER THAN 1.8M AND NOT LESSER THAN 0.3M. SHOP WIDTH • THIS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT DIMENSION AS IT INVOLVES COLUMN SPACING AND FRONTAGE OF STORES. • THE MOST COMMON USED SHOP WIDTHS ARE 6 , 7.6, 9.14 M THE LAST BEING THE MOST FLEXIBLE ONE. SHOP DEPTH – IT CAN VARY ACCORDING TO THE FRONTAGE COVERED VERANDAHS • COVERED VERANDAHS MUST BE PROVIDED FOR SHADE AND PROTECTION AGAINST SUN AND RAIN. • WIDTH CAN VARY FROM 1.85M TO 3.04 M DEPENDING UPON THE TYPE OF SHOP. STRUCTURAL GRID LARGE UNITS BETWEEN 7.3M TO 10.9M FRONTAGE & 9.14M DEPTH. SMALL UNITS BETWEEN 5.18M TO 5.8M FRONTAGE AND TOTAL DEPTH. BOOTHS BOOTHS ARE SMALLER IN SIZE THAN SHOPS HAVING MIN AREA 6SQ.M. BOOTHS FRONTAGE VARY FROM 2,2.5 & 3M . SHOWROOMS SHOWROOMS ARE LARGER IN SIZE THAN SHOPS HAVING MIN AREA 95 SQ M DEPARMENTAL STORES DEPARTMENT STORES ARE LARGE COMPLEX SHOPS, INVARIABLY EXTENDING OVER SEVERAL FLOOR LEVELS, SELLING A WIDE VARIETY OF GOODS, PARTICULARLY CLOTHES. PLANNING MINIMUM HEIGHTS FOR SHOP SPACES OF THE FOLLOWING ARE AS FOLLOWS: UP TO 400 SQ M RETAIL FLOOR SPACE 3.00 M OVER 400 SQ M RETAIL FLOOR SPACE 3.30 M OVER 1500 SQ M RETAIL FLOOR SPACE 3.50 M LOCATIONS THE MAIN AISLES ARE 2.2 TO 2.5M WIDE INCREASING TO 2.8 TO 3.2M. OFFICES MODERN OFFICE BUILDINGS ARE OF THE FOLLOWING TYPES: CLOSE PLAN OFFICES – THEY HAVE FULL HEIGHT WALLS OR PARTITIONS DIVIDING THE SPACE INTO OFFICES WITH DOORS. PRIVATE OFFICES – THEY ARE TYPICALLY LOCATED ALONG A WINDOW WALL. OPEN PLAN OFFICES – IN OPEN PLAN OFFICES, ALL WORKSTATIONS ARE LOCATED IN AN OPEN SPACE WITH NO CEILING HEIGHT DIVISION OR DOORS. MODIFIED OPEN PLAN OFFICES – THEY COMBINE THE FEATURE PRIVATE AND OPEN PLAN OFFICES. PARTITION, WINDOW, CEILINGS, WINDOW MODULES, EFFECT OFFICE LAYOUTS 1.5 SQ M OF AREA IS REQUIRED FOR CIRCULATION PER PERSON

4. CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT- NSP , DELHI SERVICE- ELECTRIC •The electric supply to the complex from an electrical unit Installed in the complex itself. •For street lighting electricity poles are provided at a distance Of 60’-100. Main electric supply from electric unit Street light along the main approach road Power distribution through multi- transformers Location of generators in complex Negative point observed Naked electrical wires SERVICE- FIRE FIGHTING •Combined system for the disposal of human excreta and rain water has been used. •No separate system for rainwater harvesting has been employed. •Gutters are provided along the pedestrian walk as well as roads.. Rain water pipes water dispose on road Negative point observed Open gutter and drain SERVICE- SEWAGE DISPOSAL All the buildings are planned as per the fire safety norms. Fire escapes are provided as per the rules and regulations laid by DDA, NBC and other governing authorities. Nearest fire station which supply service to complex is on Keshav puram fire station Each building have Pipe outlet at ground level Hose reel are provide on all building No Provision of onsite under ground water tank for fire fighting services capacity No provision of fire hydrants on site Negative point observed