Decentraized solid waste management

Feasibility of Decentralized solid waste Management - Study and Prototype Development

1. Presented by Nisarg Shah (13BME 100) Harshil Solanki (13BME 108) Pradip Bariya (13BME 010) Guide : Dr. Anurag Mudgal Feasibility of Decentralized Solid Waste Management System. Study and Prototype Development

2. Objective To understand and study Solid Waste Management Models that are currently in use. Develop and study the feasibility of the decentralised SWM Model. Selecting equipment and designing of Vibrating Screen. Find the parameters for the most efficient system

3. Methodology Literature Study. Visit to Centre of Environmental Education (Government Organisation Visit to NEPRA (Solid waste Segregation Plant). Feasibility Study Design development

4. Future Scope Designing equipment. Developing Generalised Feasibility Solution

5. Functional Elements of Waste Management To implement proper waste management, various aspects have to be considered such as source reduction onsite storage collection and transfer processing techniques disposal

6. Waste Generation Storage Collection Transfer and Transport Processing and Recovery Disposal

7. Decentralised SWM Segregation Processes 2D and 3D objects are manually fed into a Vibratoscope which is a device that segregates dimensional and dimensional objects. The design of the device is similar to a piston crank mechanism of an engine. Here the lateral motion of the piston movement is converted into a rotary motion through fulcrum.

8. The 3D objects are pulled over by the movement of the blocks. The 2D objects are flown away by the upward movement of the blocks.

9. Vibrating Screen The vibrating screen is used to separate the sand particles and smaller particulate to bottom of the screen and rest matter is carried forward to the conveyer belt for manual segregation.

10. Manual Segregation The Manual segregation process consists of an oval shaped conveyor system where workers are arranged on the periphery. These workers are divided into a group of three in a line and are given a specific matter to pick from the conveyor belt and collect it in a bag or the fill it in the blue box that form a ballet of a particular item.

11. Hydraulic Press The press shown here is a two container Hydraulic Press. When one container is pressed the other is filled up manually by the workers hence increasing efficiency and saving time.

12. Feasibility of DSWM Waste percentage of waste output price per unit total revenue percentage of revenue green waste(fertilizer) 38.6 0.75 3 86.85 22.93947518 green waste(biogas) 38.6 0.25 9.5 91.675 24.21389047 paper 5.6 1 7 39.2 10.35379881 plastic 6 1 8 48 12.678121 RDF(refuse derived fuel) 6.6 1 1.5 9.9 2.614862456 metals 0.2 1 15 3 0.792382562 C&D (construction and demolition) 25 1 0.3 7.5 1.980956406 non recyclable materials 13 1 Fish market/Caracas + Hotel Restaurant and Kitchen Waste 5 0.6 25 75 19.80956406 fish market/Caracas 1 0.4 9.5 3.8 1.003684579 hotel restaurant and Kitchen waste 4 0.36 9.5 13.68 3.613264484 Total 100 378.605 100

13. Calculations 1. Domestic use purpose biogas plant  

14. Break-even point Considering capital investment break-even including compound interest @ 10% E = A . r(1+r) n  / ((1+r) n  - 1) Where, A = Amount borrowed E = EMI or Monthly payment r = interest rate in % divided by 12 n = total number of months Break-even point =57 months

15. 2. For medium scale SWM plant Factors taken into consideration municipal solid waste generation per month cost of collection cost of transportation cost of disposal   Cost of collection waste generated per day waste that can be collected by each worker per day salary of each worker per day collection cost per day number of bins used for collection cost of each bin total cost of bins  

16. Cost of transportation length of travel per truck per year cost of travel per truck per tonne in a month number of trucks required travel cost per tonne total cost of transport Cost of disposal cost of maintenance of disposal sites  

21. 3. Break-even point Considering capital investment break-even including compound interest @ 10% E = A . r(1+r) n  / ((1+r) n  - 1) Where, A = Amount borrowed E = EMI or Monthly payment r = interest rate in % divided by 12 n = total number of months Break-even point =23 months   (This does not include the value of land saved by not dumping the waste.)

22. Result and Conclusion Thus the distance travelled is kept such that the door to door pickup truck can gather the waste and deliver it to the waste processing and segregation plant. Amount of waste collected by one door to door pickup truck -2 tonnes=5000 people considering a population density of 5000 people/Km 2 this truck is expected to cover an area of 0.5 Km 2 covering a total distance of 5-6 Km in the process A solid waste management system for 30000 people is the most efficient because it has a better breakeven period than domestic waste management system due to material recovery While considering the population density for more than 30000 people if the plant is made, the cost of collection and disposal is the same per tonne while the cost of transportation increases as the waste has to collected at a dumping site by the door to door collectors .this waste has to be transported to a processing plant by a different truck and hence the cost adds up.

23. Software Design of Vibrating Screen

24. Hydraulic Press Side view

25. Hydraulic Press Top View

26. Hydraulic Press orthogonal view

27. Cost analysis for Large Scale Plants Assumptions taken for calculations The waste collected in all cities is similar to the waste breakup found in Ahmedabad. The land value is not taken into consideration as it depends on the city as well as it varies from area to area. The land required by segregation plants is assumed to be the same as the saving in land required by landfill sites. The value of 3.8 Rs . Per Kg is derived for the case of Ahmedabad based on current price trends of obtained components Each collector truck goes for one trip a day and has a capacity of 2 Tonnes Each Dumper truck has a carrying capacity of 12 Tonnes and goes for 3 trips a day The cost of collector vehicle is 600000 Rs . The cost of Dumper truck is 2000000 Rs . Maintenance and depreciation is kept at 2% per month or 24% per year in line with industry standards

28. Compound interest is taken into consideration for payback period Total capital costs for segregation plants is taken from sources and interpolated linearly The salaries of workers and the number of workers required are taken from the AMC models and NEPRA plants. The cost of segregation plant varies linearly with its size for a plant of sufficient size. The waste segregation takes place at the source where green waste, recyclable materials and non recyclable materials go in different bins Operating cost of collector vehicles is kept at Rs . 8 per Km Operating costs of Dumper vehicles is kept at Rs . 30 per Km The collector vehicles are assumed to travel every road of the city and the total distance travelled by them is equal to the total road length of the city

29. Matlab Analysis

30. Profit V/S number of plants

31. Profit V/S landfill Ratio

32. Payback period V/S landfill Ratio

33. Conclusion   The feasibility analysis of DSWM as used in our matlab analysis fall in line with the current budget of AMC. It is observed that after a landfill ratio of more than 50% to the total waste, the business is unprofitable. It is also seen that as the number of waste segregation centers increase, the profitability increases as expected. This is because of the fact that collector trucks have to travel shorter distance saving on fuel cost. It is seen that almost 60-70% of the revenue comes from green waste conversion into biogas and fertilizer while 30-40% revenue comes from segregation of waste.

34. Bibliography Zurbrugg, C. (2002). Urban solid waste management in low-income countries of Asia: How to cope with the garbage crisis. Presented for: Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) Urban Solid Waste Management Review Session, Durban, South Africa , 1-13. Zia, H., & Devadas, V. (2008). Urban solid waste management in Kanpur: Opportunities and perspectives. Habitat International , 32 (1), 58-73. Talyan, V., Dahiya, R. P., & Sreekrishnan, T. R. (2008). State of municipal solid waste management in Delhi, the capital of India. Waste Management , 28 (7), 1276-1287. Yedla, S., & Kansal, S. (2003). Economic insight into municipal solid waste management in Mumbai: a critical analysis. International Journal of Environment and Pollution , 19 (5), 516-527. Srivastava, P. K., Kulshreshtha, K., Mohanty, C. S., Pushpangadan, P., & Singh, A. (2005). Stakeholder-based SWOT analysis for successful municipal solid waste management in Lucknow, India. Waste management , 25 (5), 531-537.

35. Rathi, S. (2007). Optimization model for integrated municipal solid waste management in Mumbai, India. Environment and development economics , 12 (01), 105-121. Subramani, T., Umarani, R., & Devi, S. B. (2014). Sustainable Decentralized Model For Solid Waste Management In Urban India. International Journal of engineering Research and Applications , 1 (4), 264-269. Hokkanen, J., & Salminen, P. (1997). Choosing a solid waste management system using multicriteria decision analysis. European journal of operational research , 98 (1), 19-36. Arena, U., Mastellone, M. L., & Perugini, F. (2003). The environmental performance of alternative solid waste management options: a life cycle assessment study. Chemical Engineering Journal , 96 (1), 207-222. www.ceeindia.org/ www.teriin.org/