Definition & types of jaundice

Definition & types of jaundice

1. Definition & Types of Jaundice By: Fahad Al Hulaibi King Faisal University College of medicine

2. : Definition Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the sclerae and skin, as a result of raised serum bilirubin , and is usually detectable clinically when the bilirubin is greater than 3mg/ dL . Clinical Medicine, Kumar & Clark, 4 th edition

3. Types: 1- Haemolytic jaundice 2- Congenital hyperbilirubinemia . 3- Cholestatic jaundice. Clinical Medicine, Kumar & Clark, 4 th edition

4. Type 1: Haemolytic jaundice Clinical Medicine, Kumar & Clark, 4 th edition The increased breakdown of red cells leads to an increase in production of bilirubin . causes of haemolytic jaundice are those of haemolytic Anaemia . The resulting jaundice is usually mild. level of unconjugated bilirubin is raised, but the serum transferases and alkaline phposphate are normal.

5. Type 2: Congenital hyperbilirubinemia Most common is Gilbert’s syndrome . Mutation in the gene coding for : UDP- glucuronosyl transferase . asymptomatic and is usually detected as an incidental finding of a slightly raised Bilirubin (1–6mg/ dL ). There is a family history of jaundice in 5–15% of patients. The reticulocyte count is normal, excluding haemolysis , and no treatment is necessary. Clinical Medicine, Kumar & Clark, 4 th edition

6. Type 3: Cholestatic jaundice Can be devided into: Intra-hepatic Cholestatic : Cased by hepatocellular swelling in parenchymal liver disease or abnormalities at a cellular level of bile excertion . aminotransferases and alkaline phposphate ?? Extra-hepatic Cholestasis : Resulting from obstruction of bile flow at any point distal to the bile canaliculi . Clinical Medicine, Kumar & Clark, 4 th edition

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