Definition, functions and characteristics of computer & computer generation

DEFINITION, FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER & COMPUTER GENERATION

1. 1.DEFINITION,
2.FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
3. COMPUTER GENERATION

2. JASHORE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY, BANGLADESH
WRITTEN:
•Humayun
•Asif
•Sagor
•Sabbir
Department : Agro product processing technology

3. INVENTION OF COMPUTER
In1822,anEnglishMechanical
EngineernamedCharlesBabagefirst
gavetheconceptofprogrammable
computer.Heisalsoknownasthe
inventorandfatherofcomputer.

4. INVENTION OF COMPUTER
TheENIACisthefirstcomputer
whichwasinventedbyJ.Presper
EckertandJohnMauchlyinthe
UniversityofPennsylvaniain
1943buttheconstructionwas
finishedin1946.

5. WHAT IS COMPUTER?
Definition:Acomputerisadevicewhichperformsoperations,
processesandcalculationbasedonsomeinstructionsprovided
byasoftwareprogram.

6. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
There are five major functions of computer.
1.Input.
2.Storage.
3.Processing.
4.Output.
5.Controlling.

7. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
INPUT STORAGE PROCESSING OUTPUT

8. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
1.Input:Inputistheprocessbywhichweenterdataintocomputer
throughinputdevices.
Someinputdevicesare:
i.Keyboard
ii.Mouse
iii.Joystick
iv.Lightpen
v.Microphone

9. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
2.Storage:Storageistheprocessbywhichthecomputerstores
inputdataforfurtherprocessing.

10. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
The storage unit is divided into two sub-units.
I.PrimaryStorage:Isafastandvolatilestorageofcomputer
thatholdsdata,programsandinstructionswhicharecurrently
inuse.
II.SecondaryStorage:Isaslowandnon-volatilestorageof
computerthatholdsallthepermanentdata.

11. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
Storage
Primary
Storage
Secondary
Storage

12. 3.Processing:Processingreferstotheoperationundergiven
instructionswithaviewtoreachadesiredgoal.
FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS

13. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
The Central Processing Unit(CPU)
is made of 2 sub-units.
I.ArithmeticLogicUnit(ALU):
Istheunitwheretheexecutionof
allinstructionstakeplace.
II.ControlUnit(CU):Manages
andcoordinatestheinstructions
ofallothercomponentsofa
Computer.
ALU
CU
CPU

14. 4.Output:Outputistheprocessbywhichthecomputershowsus
ourdesiredresult.
Some output devices are:
I.Monitor
II.Printer
III.Headphones
IV.Speakers.
FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS

15. 5.Controlling:Controllingmeansdirectingtheabove
operationstomaintainthecorrectsequence.
FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS

16. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTERS
A real life example would be very useful to understand The
Functions of Computers.
Supposewearemakingavegetablecurry.Washing,slicingandputting
rawvegetablesintothepanandaddingalltheingredientsandspicesis
theinputprocessofcomputer.CookingitOnstoveistheprocessingof
computer.Andwhenthevegetablecurryisreadyandexposingits
actualcolorandodoristheoutputprocessandthecurryisourdesired
output.

17. FUNCTIONS OF COMPUTER
Here,wecanrelatedatawithrawvegetablesandthecooked
currywithInformation.Ifwestorerawvegetablesandthecurry
inthefridgethenitwouldexplainthestoragefunctionof
computer.

18. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
Some basic characteristics of computer are
1.Speed:Acomputercanperformmillionsofoperationsand
calculationswithintheblinkofaneyewhichisveryfastcompared
tohuman.
2.Accuracy:Itcanperformmillionsofoperationsaccurately.Soits
accuracyis100%.Whichisimpossibletoexpectfromahuman.
3.Diligence:Itcanperformbillionsoftaskswiththesame
consistencyandaccuracy.

19. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
4.Memory:Itcanmemorizeanythingforunlimitedperiodof
timeinitsstoragefunction.
5.Versatility:Itcanperformmorethanonetaskatthesame
time.
6.Reliability:Itgivesconsistentresultforsimilarsetofdata.
7.Efficiency:Itisveryefficientinperforminganykindoftask
oroperation.

20. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
First Generation (1946 -1959)
Second Generation (1959 -1964)
Third Generation (1964 -1975)
Fourth Generation (1975 -1981)
Fifth Generation (1981 -Onward)

21. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
Key Features:
i.InventionofVacuumTubes.
ii.UseofPunchCardsasMain
Memory.
iii.Language:LowlevelMachine
Language.
iv.Nooperatingsystem.Human
operatorstoset.

22. Some Examples of First
Generation Computers includes
i.EDVAC(ElectronicDiscrete
VariableAutomaticComputer)
ii.ENIAC(ElectronicNumerical
IntegratorandComputer)
FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS

23. FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1.Useofvacuumtubesaselectronic
components.
1.Hugesize.
2.Storageoptionforstoringinformation.2.Unreliable.
3.SimpleArchitecture. 3.Generateda lot of heat because of
vacuum tubes.
4.Fastercalculatingcomparedtohuman
brain.Performedinmiliseconds.
4.Lackof versatility because of machine
language.

24. SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS
KeyFeatures:
i.Majorinnovation:Transistorsas
maincomponent.
ii.Mainmemory:MagneticCore.
iii.ExternalStorage:Magnetic
TapeandMagneticDisks.
iv.Language:AssemblyLanguage.

25. Someexamplesofsecond
generationcomputersare
i.CDC-1604
ii.IBM-7094
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS

26. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1.Smallerin size as compared to first
generation.
1.Very much costly.
2.Much more reliable. 2.Lack of maintenance.
3.Less heat generated. 3.Lack of frequentcooling
4.Easierto program and develop because
of high level language
4.Punchedcards were used for input.
SECOND GENERATION COMPUTERS

27. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS
Key Features:
i.UseofintegratedCircuit’s
(IC)aselectroniccomponents.
ii.UseofKeyboard,mousefor
inputandmonitorforoutput.
iii.High level languages.

28. SomeExamplesofthird
generationcomputersare
i.PDP -11
ii.IBM -370
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS

29. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1.Smallerin size as compared to first
generation.
1.Air conditioningwas required because of
IC.
2.Energy efficient. 2.Repairof IC was not that easy and
available.
3.Better portability 3.Manufacturing of IC was notdeveloped.
4.Heatgeneration was rare. 4.Very costly in both cases of buying and
repairing.
5.Faster than previous generations.
THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS

30. FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
Key Features:
i.Major innovation: Microprocessors.
ii.EPROM and SRAM were used as main
memory
iii.VLSI circuits made with 5000 transistors and
other circuits
iv.Floppy Disks and Hard Disks were used as
external storage.
v.Operating Systems: MS –DOS , PC –DOS.

31. Someexamplesoffourth
generationcomputersare.
i.STAR -1000.
ii.IBM -4341.
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

32. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1.Muchreliable. 1.Veryadvancedtechnologywasrequired
tomakethemicroprocessors.
2.Smallerinsize. 2.Coolerisrequired.
3.Portability. 3.Verycostlyproduction.
4.Heatgenerationwasnegligible.
5.Fastercomputationcomparedto
previousgenerations.
FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

33. FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS
Key Features:
i.MajorInnovations:ULSIcircuits.
ii.MainMemory:EPROM,SIMM,DIMM
iii.ExternalStorage:MAGNETICandOPTICAL
DISKS.
iv.Useofscanner,pointingdeviceasinput
devices.
v.Developmentofveryhighlevellanguagewhich
isalmostsimilartohumanlanguage.

34. Examples of fifth generation computer
FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

35. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1.Veryhigh performance cores can
process anything within a few seconds.
1.Tend to be sophisticated and complex
tool.
2.Versatility. 2.Lack of human like intelligence.
3.Easy to write program and develop
softwares because of the easy language.
4.Cheap and available.
5.Very large storage capacity
FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS

36. THANK YOU