Definition, history and scope of pharmacogonosy including indigenous system of medicine

Pharmacognosy: History, scope and classification of various indegenous system of medicines

1. DEFINITION, HISTORY AND
SCOPE OF PHARMACOGONOSY
INCLUDING INDIGENOUS
SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
PREPARED BY SHRUTI TYAGI
M. PHARM PHARMACEUTICS
LECTURER IN PHARMACY AT B.S. ANANGPURIA INSTITUTE OF
PHARMACY

2. DEFINITION OF PHARMACOGONOSY
PHARMACOGNOSY
PHARMAKON
DRUGS
GIGNOS
KNOWLEDGE
It is the study of crude drugs obtained from animals, plant, minerals and their
constituents.

3. HISTORY OF PHARMACOGONOSY
1.3500-1500 BC:-Ayurveda, Rigveda and Atharveda, described the use of medicinal
plants.
2.1500 BC:-Papyrus of Egypt, described the medicinal values of plants.
3.460-370 BC:-Hippocrates (referred to as Father of Medicine) gave the famous oath
regarding doctors.
4.384-322 BC:-Aristotle gave the concept of animal kingdom.
5.Modern pharmacognosy started from 1815 for eg. isolation of penicillin by
Alexander Flaming in 1922 and isolation of streptomycin by Ostwald in 1994.

4. SCOPE OF PHARMACOGONOSY
1. Pharmacognosy gives a sound knowledge of vegetable drugs
under botany and animal drugs under zoology.
2. It also includes plant taxonomy, plant pathology, plant breeding,
plant genetics and by this knowledge one can improve the
cultivation methods for both medicinal and aromatic plants.
3. Nowadays photochemistry (plant chemistry) has undergone
significant improvement.

5. INDIGENOUS SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Ayurveda
ThedoctrineofAyurvedaaimstokeepstructuralandfunctional
entitiesinafunctionalstateofequilibrium,whichsignifiesgood
health.Anyimbalanceduetointernalandexternalfactorcauses
diseaseandrestoringequilibriumthroughvarioustechniques,
procedures,regimes,dietandmedicineconstitutetreatment.The
philosophyofAyurvedaisbasedonthetheoryofPanchabhootas
(fiveelementtheory)ofwhichalltheobjectsandlivingbodiesare
composedof.

6. Siddha
Siddhasystemofmedicineemphasizethatmedical
treatmentisorientednotmerelytodisease,butalso
hastotakeintoaccountthepatient,environment,
age,habits,physicalcondition.Siddhaliteratureisin
TamilanditislargelypracticedinTamilspeaking
partsofIndiaandabroad.

7. Unani
UnaniSystemofmedicineisbasedonestablished
knowledgeandpracticesrelatingtopromotionofpositive
healthandpreventionofdiseases.AlthoughUnanisystem
originatedinGreece,passedthroughmanycountries,
Arabsenricheditwiththeiraptitudeandexperienceand
thesystemwasbroughttoIndiaduringMedievalperiod.
UnaniSystememphasizetheuseofnaturallyoccurring,
mostherbalmedicines,thoughitusesingredientsof
animalandmarineorigin.

8. Homeopathy
Homeopathyisasystemofmedicine,whichbelievesinaspecializedmethodof
treatmentofcuringdiseasesbyadministrationofpotencydrugs,whichhave
beenexperimentallyprovedtopossessthepowerofproducingsimilarartificial
systemsonhumanbeings
Yoga and Naturopathy
Yogaisawayoflife,whichhasthepotentialforimprovementofsocialand
personalbehavior,improvementofphysicalhealthbyencouragingbetter
circulationofoxygenatedbloodinthebody,restrainingsenseorgansand
therebyinducingtranquilityandserenityofmind.Naturopathyisalsoaway
oflife,withdruglesstreatmentofdiseases.Thesystemisbasedontheancient
practiceofapplicationofsimplelawsofnature.Theadvocatesofnaturopathy
focusoneatingandlivinghabits,adoptionofpurificationmeasures,useof
hydrotherapy,baths,massageetc.

9. THANKYOU