Demographic transition model

What id demographic transition model? How is it from one stage to another stage.what condition has our country in demographic transition model? reason behind the varying birthrate and death rate.

1. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL BY SAYANTANI SINGH

2. What is Demography ? The statistical study of human population. It encompasses the structure, size and distribution in a particular geographical region or in a whole.

3. What is Transition? Transition indicates the transfer from one condition to another condition. Demographic Transition Demographic Transition means how birthrates and death rates changes from one stage to another .

4. Warren Thomson in 1929 observed a tradition of birthrate and death rate which had a great impact on the socio economic condition. Following his concept , Notestain and Blacker gave his idea on demographic transition and its impact on economics

5. STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION There are five stages in DTM. High Birth Rate and High Death Rate. High Birth Rate and Low Death Rate. Low Birth Rate and Low Death Rate. Low Birth Rate and Very Low Death Rate .

6. STAGE –1 HIGH EXPANDING

7. High Expanding High Birthrate High Death rate Natural increase is vey low Pre – Industrial stage Agriculture based society Weak Economy

8. COUNTRIES Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Namibia

9. Reason for the Birth rate and Death rate BIRTH RATE ARE HIGH BECAUSE Lack of Family Planning High Infant mortality Rate Religious Belief Children as asset DEATHRATE ARE HIGH BECAUSE Lack of education Poor sanitation system Famine War Lack of health care High level of disease

10. STAGE –2 LATE EXPANDING

11. High Expanding High Birthrate High Death rate Natural increase is very high Industrial revolution started during this era Economy is mixed type

12. COUNTRIES Kenya and Egypt

13. Reason For D ecline D eath R ate Improved medical science Improved health care Improved sanitation Decrease infant mortality rate

14. STAGE –3 LATE EXPANDING

15. Late Expanding Falling Birthrate Falling Death rate Natural increase is started to decline Industry introduced technology Economy is strong

16. COUNTRIES India, Brazil , Argentina

17. REASON BEHIND FALLINF BIRTHRATE AND FALLING DEATH RATE Started to plan family structure L iteracy rate is high High standard of living Changing the women status Low infant mortality rate

18. STAGE –4 STATIONARY

19. STATIONARY Low Birthrate Low Death rate Natural increase is stable or slow increase Technology brings a revolution in industry Economy is strong

20. COUNTRIES USA, UK, Mexico, Canada, Japan

21. STAGE –5 DECLINE?

22. DECLINE ? Low Birthrate Very Low Death rate Natural increase is stable or slow down Technology brings a revolution in industry Economy is strong but possible to decline

23. COUNTRY: GERMANY

24. REASON FOR VERY LOW BIRTH RATE AND VERY LOW DEATH RATE Better standard of living Proper health care Family planning Late marriages Standard of living

25. CRITICISMS Sequence of stages are not equal There is no time scale Birth rate is not declined in urban areas Not applied for theoretically Reason for birthrate and death rate are varied for different countries

26. CONCLISION The theory of demographic transition model is more relevant than other theory It is more rigorous and broad based approach The theory of demographic transition model is widely accepted