Design-and-Analysis-of-Water-Heater-Control-in-an-Energy-Efficient-Hostel-Automation-System.pptx

water heating system

1. Design and Analysis of Water Heater Control in an Energy-Efficient Hostel Automation System

2. Selected Building Type – Hostel Building Our project focuses on a medium-scale student hostel, a demanding environment for energy management due to high occupancy and diverse usage patterns. This presents a prime opportunity for smart automation. Three floors, 30 rooms, accommodating approximately 60 occupants. Average daily energy consumption: 150–200 kWh. Significant water usage, particularly for bathing during peak morning and evening hours. Key systems include lighting, fans, geysers, and air conditioners. The need for automation is critical to reduce energy waste, optimise heating times, and ensure the safety of occupants.

3. Why Water Heater Automation is Important Water heaters are significant energy consumers in hostels, making their efficient management crucial for overall energy savings and improved operational safety. Energy Efficiency Heaters consume 30–40% of a hostel's total energy. Manual switching often leads to unnecessary energy waste, highlighting the need for precise control. Enhanced Safety Automation prevents overheating and potential hazards associated with continuously running water heaters, ensuring a safer environment for students and staff. User Convenience Ensures hot water is available precisely when needed, eliminating waiting times and enhancing the overall comfort for hostel residents.

4. Water Heater Automation Feature Overview Our system aims to intelligently manage water heating, adapting to various conditions to maximise efficiency and user satisfaction. Dynamic Heater Control Automatically switches heaters ON/OFF based on predefined schedules, real-time water usage patterns, and precise temperature readings. Occupancy-Based Activation Integrates occupancy detection to ensure hot water is only prepared when rooms are occupied, preventing energy waste in empty areas. Remote and Scheduled Operation Allows for remote control and scheduling via a user interface, offering flexibility and convenience for hostel management and residents. Manual Override Capability Includes a safety feature for manual override, allowing users to switch the heater ON or OFF directly, even when automated controls are active.

5. Main Components for Implementation The system's robust design relies on a selection of high-performance hardware components, each playing a vital role in its functionality. Temperature Sensor (e.g., DS18B20) Flow Sensor (e.g., YF-S201) Occupancy Sensor (e.g., PIR HC-SR501) Relay Module (to control heater ON/OFF) Microcontroller (e.g., ESP32) Smart Switch / Touch Panel Power Supply Unit (5V/12V)

6. Technical Specifications of Key Components Detailed specifications ensure optimal performance and compatibility within the automated water heating system. These components are chosen for their reliability and precision. Component Type Key Specification Detail DS18B20 Temperature Sensor Accuracy ±0.5°C ESP32 Microcontroller Connectivity Wi-Fi & Bluetooth enabled Relay Module Actuator Capacity 10A/250VAC PIR HC-SR501 Occupancy Sensor Detection Range 6-7m, adjustable delay Datasheet: DS18B20 | Datasheet: ESP32 | Datasheet: HC-SR501

7. Communication and Networking Effective communication protocols form the backbone of our hostel automation system, ensuring seamless data flow and control. Primary Protocol: Wi-Fi Leverages the ESP32's integrated Wi-Fi capabilities, adhering to IEEE 802.11 b/g/n standards for robust wireless connectivity. Optional: Zigbee Consideration for Zigbee for enhanced mesh networking across multiple rooms, providing greater scalability and reliability. User Integration Seamless integration with mobile applications, web user interfaces, and a central control panel (e.g., Raspberry Pi or Building Management System). Cloud Services Utilises cloud platforms like Firebase or MQTT brokers for data logging, remote control, and advanced analytics, ensuring scalable data management.

8. System Layout & Control Flow The block diagram illustrates the logical flow of data and control signals within the hostel's energy-efficient automation system. Wireless & Cloud Mobile app Wi-Fi control and cloud logging Relay Control Switches water heater ON/OFF ESP32 Microcontroller Processes inputs and controls relay Sensors Input Temperature and flow sensors send data .

9. System Analysis and Performance Our system is designed for optimal performance, balancing rapid responsiveness with precise control and robust reliability. <1s Responsiveness Achieves real-time detection and switching, ensuring hot water availability with minimal delay. ±0.5°C Accuracy Maintains high temperature accuracy, providing consistent and comfortable water temperatures. High Power Efficiency Utilises ESP32 deep sleep mode and only runs the heater during actual usage hours, significantly reducing energy consumption. Excellent Reliability Incorporates safe manual override features and overload protection, guaranteeing system stability and safety. Instant User Feedback Provides immediate notifications if water is not heated to the desired temperature, ensuring user awareness.

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