DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC POULTRY EGG INCUBATOR USING LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIALS

Design and construction

1. department of ELECTRical engineering. faculty of engineering and environmental design, Usmanu danfodiyo university Sokoto. A PRESENTATION ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUTOMATIC POULTRY EGG INCUBATOR USING LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIALS BY OLATUNJI NURUDEEN AKOREDE : 1811402007 JANUARY, 2025. 1

2. PRESENTATION outline TITTLE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT METHODOLOGY TESTING CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATION 2

3. AIM AND the OBJECTIVES Aim: To design,construct and test an Automatic Poultry Egg Incubator . Key Objectives: 1. Design an automatic poultry egg incubator to maintain optimal temperature, humidity, and egg turning for hatching. 2. Develop an automated control system for real-time monitoring and adjustment of incubation parameters. 3.Test a functional prototype using readily available materials and electronic components. 3

4. INTRODUCTION An incubator is a device or system designed to create and maintain optimal environmental conditions, such as temperature, humidity, and airflow, to support the growth and development of living organisms, typically eggs. We have different types of incubator, in which Automatic Incubator is one of its type. AUTOMATIC INCUBATOR An automatic incubator is a device designed to replicate and maintain optimal environmental conditions for hatching eggs, with built-in automation features. These features include automatic temperature and humidity regulation, egg turning, and real-time monitoring, ensuring consistent conditions without requiring constant manual intervention. This improves efficiency and increases the chances of successful hatching. 4

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT There is a need for an automated egg incubator capable of maintaining and regulating optimal incubation conditions in real time. Such a system should minimize manual intervention, improve hatch rates, and utilize readily available materials and electronic components to ensure cost-effectiveness and accessibility. 5

6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT 1. Reduced Manual Labor : Automation minimizes the need for constant monitoring and manual intervention, saving time and effort for farmers or operators. 2. Enhanced Precision : Real-time monitoring and adjustments ensure stable incubation conditions, reducing the risk of errors associated with manual systems. 3. Cost Efficiency : By improving hatchability and reducing labor, it lowers operational costs in the long term, making poultry farming more profitable. 6

7. methodology Materials Required: 1. Plywood 2. Pattress Box (3 x 3) 3. LCD Display 4. Arduino Nano 5.DC brushless fan 6.DHT222 Sensor 7.Lamp(bulb) 8.Relay 9. Battery 10. Switch  7

8. methodology CONTINUE Design Phase: 1. System Design and Planning: Define requirements such as temperature control, humidity control, egg turning, and monitoring. 2. Circuit Design: Develop a schematic connecting sensors, relays, heating elements, and the microcontroller. 3. Mechanical Design: Plan the incubator housing to accommodate internal components, including space for egg trays and ventilation. 8 Plate 1:DHT222 Sensor Plate 2:Servo motor 8

9. methodology CONTINUE 9 Plate 3:Ciecuit Diagram

10. methodology CONTINUE Construction Phase: 1. Building the Incubator Housing: I u se d plywood for the incubator housing. 2. Wiring and Component Installation: I Install ed and connect ed the Arduino Nano microcontroller, sensors, heating element, fan, and servo motor according to the schematic. 3. Sensor Placement: I Position ed temperature and humidity sensors for accurate readings, and avoi d direct airflow interference. 4. Heating and Cooling Setup: I Integrate d the heating elements and fans for temperature regulation and airflow. 5. Egg Turning Mechanism: The servo motor was connected to an egg tray and program med it to rotate periodically. 10

11. methodology CONTINUE 11 Plate 4: Arduino Nano Microcontroller Plate 5: Brushless DC fan

12. methodology CONTINUE 12 Plate 6 : Incubator Housing

13. TESTING  Procedure: The incubator underwent a comprehensive process to ensure optimal functiionality System Testing : Components, including sensors,the heating element, fan, and egg rotationmechanisms werethoroughly tested Performance Evaluation : the system was run for several hours (6 hours) to monitor temperature and humidity stability, with adjustments made as needed to improve performance. Final Adjustement : Based on testing and evaluation, final tweakswere implememted to ensure the incubator provided a consistent and relaible environment for poultry eggs incubation. 13

14. results and discussion The automatic poultry Egg incubator demonstrated excellent performance during testing. The temperature control system maintained a stable range of 37-39°C The egg turning mechanism operated smoothly, consistently rotating the eggs at set intervals throughout the testing period without any malfunctions. Additionally, the humidity control system maintained an average relative humidity of 18-27 percent 14

15. CHALLENGES AND LIMITATION Challenges and Limitations Lack of expertise in microcontroller programming, circuit design, or mechanical assembly could hinder progress Designing a reliable backup power system to handle power outages may be challenging. Errors in coding the microcontroller for regulating temperature, humidity, and egg turning. Difficulty sourcing specific electronic components like sensors, relays, or microcontrollers in local markets. 14

16. CONCLUSION Successfully designed and constructed an Automatic incubator Demonstrated its potential for practical and commercial use. Provides a cost-effective solution for Egg hatching. 16

17. RECOMMENDATIONS Energy Efficiency: Explore solar power options or backup battery systems to ensure continuous operation, especially in areas with unreliable electricity supply. Egg Turning Mechanism: Design an automated turning system that rotates the eggs at regular intervals (at least three times a day) to prevent embryo sticking and promote even development. Material Selection: Use insulating materials for the incubator's construction to minimize heat loss and improve energy efficiency. 17

18. THANKS FOR LISTENING 18