DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUNG CABLE FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM

Design and construction

1. USMANU DANFODIYO UNIVERSITY, SOKOTO. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN DEPARTEMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING. A PROJECT PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUNG CABLE FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM BY ALIYU YUSUF 1811402018 SUPERVISOR: Prof. H.N YAHYA 1

2. OUTLINE BACKGROUND OF STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBEM AIM AND OBJECTIVES SIGNIFICANCE OKF THE STUDY SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY MATERIAS AND COMPONENTS USED METHODOLOGY CIRCUIT DESIGN AND ASSEMBLING RESULTS, TEST AND DISSCUSIONS CONCLUJSION RECOMMENDATIONS 2

3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY In the context of modern electrical power systems, the need for reliable, efficient, and uninterrupted power transmission has become increasingly critical. The world today depends on a constant supply of electricity to sustain the functionality of homes, industries, and businesses, and as such, the demand for energy continues to grow at an exponential rate. 3

4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Underground cable systems are often subject to various fault conditions and these may occur due to poor installation practices. Detecting faults in these cables can be challenging, especially in large networks, as manual inspection methods are ineffective and time-consuming. Without a reliable method for detecting faults quickly, power outages become frequent and service restoration is delayed, leading to dissatisfaction among consumers and higher operational costs for utility providers. 4

5. AIM The primary aim of this study is to design and construct an underground cable fault detection system that can automatically identify a faults in underground electrical cables. 5

6. OBJECTIJVES The primary objectives of this study are To design an underground cable fault detection system that can identify a n open circuit fault. To construct a prototype of the system that integrates various technologies using microcontrollers for fault detection and reporting on the user interface. 6

7. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The proposed underground cable fault detection system will contribute significantly to the field of electrical power systems by improving the speed and accuracy of fault detection. 7

8. SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS this study focuses on the design, construction and evaluation of fault detection system specifically for underground cable use in power system. The project concentrate on detecting only open circuit fault The scope of the project is limited to the laboratory and field testing of the development prototype.it Does not include the large-scale development of the system across an entire transmission or distribution network 8

9. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS USED Components Specifications Details /Notes Microcontroller Part Number Tmega328P (Arduino UNO) Operating Voltage : 5V I/O Pins : 14 Relay module Part Number : SRD-05VDC-SL-C (5V Relay) Coil Voltage : 5V Contact Rating : 10A at 250V AC or 30V Dc Resistors Part Number ( 1kΩ.) Tolerance : ±5% or ±1% Toggles switch Part Number : SPDT Toggle Switch Current Rating : 5A at 125V AC, 3A at 250V AC Transistors Part Number : 2N2222 (NPN BJT) Voltage Rating : 40V Current Rating : 800mA The following table show material and components being selected for the design and construction of undergrounds cable Fault detection systems. 9

10. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS USED Components Values/Specifications Details /Notes Battery Part Number : LG (Li-ion 18650) Voltage: 3.7V nominal, 4.2V fully charged Capacity: 3500mAh Energy: 12.95Wh Buzzers Part Number : YS-16-5V (Active Buzzer) Voltage: 5V DC Current: 20mA (typical) Sound Level: ~85 dB at 10 cm LCD Displays 1602 LCD Display (16x2) Voltage; 5v Other materials Wires, woods, main switch. 10

11. PICTURES OF THE COMPONENTS USED 11 Fig. 1: LCD Fig. 4 : Arduino UNO Fig. 4: Potentiometer Fig. 3: Resistors Fig. 5: Relay Switch

12. METHODOLOGY The process is divided into the following stages: system design, circuit development, software programming, testing, and deployment HARDWARE COMPONENTS ; the hardware component include all the materials mention in the above table COMPONE SOFTWIRE NT ; the softwire include the code that runs on Arduino 328as well as the communication protocol and interfaces require to monitor the system and communication fault data 12

13. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND ASSEMBLY Fig. 1: Circuit diagram of Design and construction of underground cable fault detection system 13

14. RESUTS, TEST AND DISCUSSION Open circuit Test: The first test simulated a complete severing of the cable, which is a clear and immediate indicating of an open circuit fault. The system detected the absence of current flow, triggering an immediate alert. This test confirmed that the system is detecting complete open circuit faults User interface; the user interface of the underground cable fault detection system (UCFDS) was design for simplicity and ease of use, ensuring the operator can quickly identify and respond to open circuit fault. 14

15. CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED 15 Components break downs Shipping delay Transport fares financial constraints Limited component to expand the system

16. Conclusion In conclusion, the Underground Cables Fault Detection System (UCFDS) successfully meets the objectives of detecting open circuit faults in underground cables. 16

17. RECOMMENDATION Based on the findings of this project, the following recommendations are made for further improvement and implementation of the Underground Cables Fault Detection System: Expansion of Fault Detection Capabilities : While the system demonstrated excellent performance in detecting open circuit faults, it could be enhanced to detect other types of faults such as short circuits, insulation failures, or ground faults. Scalability; the future development could focus on scaling the system to handle large network of the cables incorporating multiple detection unit to cover extensive areas. The feature construction of the system should fucus on multiple distance scales. 17

18. THANK YOU. 18