DESIGN for TOT.pptx for center of excellanc3e and

it is the note related to center of excellance and productivity improvement

1. Productivity Improvement and Excellence Center Department of Electrical and Electronics Building Electrical Installation

2. Terms used in Illumination Luminous Flux : It is the total quantity of light energy radiated/ produced per second from a luminous body in the form of light waves. It is measured in lumens. It is represented by symbol φ. Approximate relation b/n lumen & electric unit of power i.e. watt is given as 1 lumen=0.0016 watt (approx.)

3. Luminous Intensity (I) : It is the amount of luminous flux emitted by a source per unit solid angle. It is measured in candela or lumens per steradian. i.e. I =φ / ω, 1 Candela = 1 Lumen / steradian Where the solid angle is measured in Steradians (ω) it is the angle generated by the surface passing through the light point in space and periphery of the area. It was denoted by ω.

4. Illumination (intensity of illumination) (E) - it is the luminous flux received by a surface per unit area of surface. Its unit depends upon the units in which area is measured. It is measured in lumens per square meter or lux or meter candle. Mathematically, E=φ/A Luminous efficiency (k): a measure of unit lumens per watt (lm/W). It can be thought of as the ‘efficiency’ of the light source. Luminance , L : The luminous intensity (I) per unit of the apparent area of the source of light (or illuminated areas). L = I/A [cd/m 2 ]

5. Coefficient of utilization : This is a factor showing the ratio of the lumens reaching on the working plane to the total lumens generated by the source. It depends on the dimension of the room to be illuminated, the reflectance of the walls, ceilings, and floors, the lamp output of reflectors and diffusers used and the position of the lamp. Maintenance Factor : The light obtained from a light source may be affected by variables due to dire, ageing of the lamp, etc. The MF takes in to account such effects.

6. In fact and endeavor should be made to have quality of light as close to day light as possible. The interior lighting schemes may be classified as: - Direct light Semi- direct lighting Semi-indirect lighting Indirect lighting and General lighting

7. Direct light : - the most commonly used type of lighting scheme. In this scheme more than 90% of total light flux is made to fall directly on the working plane with the help of deep reflectors. It is mainly used for industrial and general out-door lighting. Semi-direct lighting : - in this lighting scheme 60-90% of the total light flux is made to fall down wards directly with the help of semi-direct reflectors. The remaining light is used to illuminate the ceiling and walls. Besides this scheme avoids glare, it also improves the efficiency of the system with reference to the working plane.

8. Semi indirect lighting : -in this scheme 60-90% of total light flux is thrown up wards to the ceiling for reflection and the rest reaches the working plane directly except for some absorption by the bowl. This lighting scheme has soft shadows and is glare free. It is mainly used for indoor decoration purpose. Indirect lighting scheme : - in this scheme more than 90% of total light flux is thrown upwards the ceiling for diffuse reflection by using inverted or bowl reflector. In this scheme the glare is reduce to minimum.The shadows are less prominent and the appearance of the room is much improved. It is used for decoration purpose in cinemas, theatres and hotels etc.

9. illumination level In order to see the details of the things that surround us the source has to illuminate them very well in order the objects take the necessary brightness. For each type of work there is a range of brightness most favorable to output in terms of quality and quantity. It used to be common with light levels  between 100 and 750 lux

10. Degree of illumination, to give necessary brightness to objects, depends upon: The size of the object and distance of the observer. Contrast between the object and background. Greater the contrast greater will be the illumination required to distinguish the object properly. Speed of object - Speedy object require more illumination. Duration of gazing - Object seen for long duration of time require more illumination.

11. Coefficient of Utilization ( CU ) whole light radiated by the lamps doesn’t reach the working plane. The ratio of lumens reaching the working plane to the total light given out by the lamp or lamps, when the installation is new, is known as utilization factor or coefficient of utilization ..

12. The value of utilization factor depends upon: The mounting height of lamps Area to be illuminated Type of lighting scheme Color of the surrounding, etc

13. Maintenance Factor (MF ) the illumination produced considerably decreases due to ageing of the lamps and accumulation of dusts on the lamps, reflectors, ceiling and walls. Its value is more if there is much as the ageing problem increases The value is mostly ranges between 0.8 and 1.

14. Allowable Illumination Levels to Various Locations & Rooms of (Office and Schools ) Offices Level of Illumination (lux) Place 1500 - 750 Offices, design and drawing rooms 750 - 300 Offices, conference rooms, computer rooms 300 - 100 Kitchens, ordinary work rooms, corridors, stairways and toilets

15. Schools 1500 - 300 Precision drawing or drafting, laboratory rooms 750 - 200 Class rooms, library reading rooms, experiment demonstration rooms, staff rooms and gymnasium 300 - 75 Lecture halls, assembly rooms, locker rooms, corridors, stairways and toilets

16. Recommended illumination level (lux) 1 Kitchen 200 2 Living and dining Room 200 3 Bed room 150 4 Corridor /Lobby/ 100 5 Car Parking 100 6 Terrace 75 7 Toilet 100 8 Study room 300 9 Garden 50 9 Shop 300 9 Office 300

17. Utilization Factors Types of Lighting η B Types of Lighting η B Direct 0.6 to 0.45 Semi-indirect 0.45 to 0.3 Semi-direct 0.55 to 0.45 Indirect 0.35 to 0.25 General diffuse 0.5 to 0.35 Indirect ceiling lighting  

18. 1 . Bed room 1 (A)=Area (m2) =12.5 (E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =150 (MF)= Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)=Coefficient of Utilization = 0.6 Use Halogen incandescent of wattage (watt) = 60 (K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N) Number of lamps required=0.9645 Use 1 Halogen incandescent lamps of 60 watt  

19. 2 . W.C 1 (A)= Area A=L*W=6 m^2 (E)= Recommended illumination level (lux) =100 (MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60 (K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N ) N =(E*A)/(MF*CU*K*Wattage) Number of lamps required = 0.9263 Use 1 incandescent lumps of 60 watt

20. 3. Bed room 2 A) =Area (m2) =12.5 (E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =150 (MF)= Maintenance factor = 0.9 (CU)=Coefficient of Utilization = 0.6 Use Halogen incandescent of wattage (watt) =60 (K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N) Number of lamps required=1.6544 Use 2 Halogen incandescent lamps of 60 watt  

21. 4. W.C 2 A) =Area (m2) =12.5 (E) Recommended illumination level (lux) =100 (MF) Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60 (K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N) Number of lumps required=0.184 Use 1 Halogen incandescent lamps of 60 watt  

22. 5. Sauna Bath (A)=Area (E) Recommended illumination level (lux) =100 (MF) Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60 (K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N) Use 1 incandescent lamps of 60 watt  

23. 6. Waiting room (A)=Area (E) Recommended illumination level (lux) =150 (MF) Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use Halogen incandescent of wattage (watt) =60 (K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N) Number of lamps required=1.43 Use 2 Halogen incandescent lumps of 60 watt  

24. 7. W.C 3 (A)=Area, (E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =100 (MF)= Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60 (K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N) Number of lamps required=0.143 Use 1 incandescent lumps of 60 watt  

25. 8. Corridor ( A)=Area, (E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =100 (MF)= Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60 (K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N) Number of lamps required=0.3796 Use 1 florescent 61cm long of 20 watt  

26. 9. Master Bath Room (A)=Area, (E)= Recommended illumination level (lux) =100 (MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60 ( K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) = 60 Number of lumps required (N) Number of lamps required=0.3405 Use 1 incandescent lamps of 60 watt  

27. 10. Master Bed Room (A)=Area (E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =150 (MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use incandescent of wattage (watt) =60 (K)Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lumps required = Number of lamps required=3.05 Use 3 Halogen incandescent lamps of 60 watt  

28. 11. Balcony 1 (A)=Area, (E) =Recommended illumination level (lux) =100 (MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use 61 cm florescent of wattage (watt) = 60 (K )=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N) Number of lamps required=0.4814 Use 1 incandescent lamps of 60 watt  

29. 12. Balcony 2   (A)=Area, (E)= Recommended illumination level (lux) =100 (MF) =Maintenance factor =0.9 (CU)=Coefficient of Utilization =0.6 Use 61 cm florescent of wattage (watt) =60 (K)=Luminous efficiency (lm/watt) =60 Number of lamps required (N) Number of lamps required=0.1265 Use 1 incandescent lumps of 60 watt  

30. Number of socket outlets

31. 1. Bed room 1 Number of socket outlets=2 Two- general purpose socket outlets 2. W.C 1 Number of socket outlets=1 Water heating socket outlets

32. 3. Bed room2 Number of socket outlets=2 Two- general purpose socket outlets 4. W.C 2 Number of socket outlets=1 Water heating socket outlets

33. 5. Sauna Bath Number of socket outlets=0 No socket outlets 6. Waiting room Number of socket outlets=1 One- general purpose socket outlets

34. 7. W.C 3 Number of socket outlets=1 Water heating socket outlets 8. Corridor Number of socket outlets=0 No socket outlets

35. 9. Master Bath Room Number of socket outlets=2 One general purpose socket outlets One specific purpose socket outlets 10. Master Bed Room Number of socket outlets=2 Two- general purpose socket outlets

36. 11. Balcony 1 Number of socket outlets=0 No- socket outlets 12. Balcony 2 Number of socket outlets=0 No- socket outlets

37. 1. Maximum Load No. Of Light points per Light Circuit = 8-10 No. Of Bell Points per Light Circuit =4 No. Of general Purpose Socket Outlet per Circuit=6-8 No. of Water heater Per Circuit=1

38. Number Circuit Power without DF Power with DF   1 Lighting 2x10x220=4400 0.7x4400=3080   2 Bell 1x6x220=1320 0.3x1320=396   3 Socket outlet 2x16x220=7040 0.3x7040=2112   4 Water heater 4x20x220=17600 0.2x17600=3520     Total = 30.36KW Total = 9.108KW  

39. Maximum load (Pmax )   NOTE :-the power demand 9.108 KW is greater than 8KW ,so we should have the three phase power supply  

40. 2. Current rating NOTE: - The rating of main switch bored (MCB) should be great than IL and also it should be greater than the maximum of In (switch on SDB i.e. 25A) Therefore the rating of main switch bored (MCB) =32A  

41. 3. Size of the Feeder Cable Assuming a Copper wire is used, for I=32A. The nominal cross section become  For three-phase the number of lines = 4   Size of the feeder cable =  

42. Thank you !!!