Design of cosmeceutical products for body odor.pptx

Design of cosmetic products for body odor.
what is body odor
causes of body odor
the biology behind body odor
prevention of body odor
natural remedies
cosmetics for body odor
properties of deodorants and antiperspirants
deodorants- formula and mechanism of action, manufacturing process
antiperspirants - formula and mechanism of action
deodorants vs antiperspirants
quality control tests
perfumes
when to consult a doctor
references

1. DESIGN OF COSMECEUTICAL PRODUCTS FOR BODY ODOR Under the Guidance of Dr.S.Janaki Devi Presented by- G.BrijithaVP21PHAR0100011 DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CAUSES BIOLOGY BEHIND BODY ODOR PREVENTION NATURAL REMEDIES COSMETICS USED FOR BODY ODOR DEODORANTS ANTIPERSPIRANTS PERFUMES WHEN TO CONSULT DOCTOR?

3. WHAT IS BODY ODOR? Body odor is a fairly common issue that can affect a person’s quality of life. Body odor is an umbrella term for natural smells originating from an individual. It occurs due to bacterial processes in sweat and not due to sweat itself. The human body can produce a range of substances that carry a smell, known as odorants and are important for regular bodily function. Body odor usually becomes more ev ident  during  puberty , as hormones and sweat glands become more active at that time. Body odor is most likely to occur in the following places: feet, groin, armpits, genitals, pubic and other hair, belly button, anus, behind the ears.

4. CAUSES OF BODY ODOR Sweating is the main cause of body odor as it contains organic substances and the bacteria present on the skin surface starts breaking down these into acids. Some common skin bacteria that produce body odor include members of  Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus  and  Cutibacterium  genera . Poor hygienic habits results in foul smell. Stress and anxiety at times result in underarm odor since the body sweats profusely in case of stress. Obesity and certain medical conditions like overactive thyroid, gout, menopause, kidney or liver illness , diabetes also cause body odor . Factors like the food, exercise, genetics, hormones or medications can also affect body odor. Some sulphur rich foods - Onions, Garlic, Cabbage , Broccoli, Cauliflower, Red meat and other common dietary triggers like Monosodium glutamate (MSG),Caffeine, cumin, Hot sauce or spicy food, Alcohol. A condition called  H yperhidrosis  makes a person sweat excessively. People with this condition may be more susceptible to body odor.

5. BIOLOGY BEHIND BODY ODOR Figure shows how body odor occurs with sweat and bacterial action (biology behind body odor )

6. Eccrine glands also called true sweat glands predominantly regulate body temperature through perspiration. They secrete salts and water that reach skin through coiled ducts when the nervous system senses the body heat. Apocrine glands start to function at puberty and secrete sweat through hair follicles in the underarms and groin. These glands produce a viscous, protein-rich sweat that is odorless. However, as bacteria break down the abundance of proteins, they will produce odorant molecules ( eg , Isovaleric acid) in greater concentrations, causing characteristic body odor. As apocrine glands are present in large amount in armpit region it is assumed that they are more responsible for armpit odor.

7. prevention T aking the following steps may  help control  body odor- Washing:  Keep your skin clean by taking a daily shower regularly with antibacterial soap and ensure to dry the body thoroughly. Shaving: Keep your armpits shaved, so sweat evaporates quickly and doesn’t have as much time to interact with bacteria as h air is a breeding ground for bacteria. Using antiperspirants:  Antiperspirants can reduce the intensity of a person’s body odor by changing sweat volumes and altering the amount and activity of odor-causing bacteria Wash the clothes r egularly, wear clean clothes and also loose-fitting clothing made of cotton. Try removing overly smelly foods from your diet like Garlic, onions and alcohol. R educe your stress levels.  Prescription medicines may prevent sweating. Small injections of  B otulinum toxin   (like Botox®) in your armpits can temporarily block sweating.

8. Natural remedies Baking soda : Make a paste using baking soda and water. Apply the paste to your armpits and let it dry. Baking soda balances the acid on your skin and reduces odors. Green tea : Put green tea bags in warm water. Place the soaked tea bags under your armpits for several minutes a day. Green tea may help block your pores and reduce sweating. Apple cider vinegar : Mix apple cider vinegar with a small amount of water in a spray bottle. Spray the mixture onto your armpits. The acid in vinegar helps kill bacteria. Lemon juice : Mix lemon juice and water in a spray bottle. Spray the mixture under your arms. The citric acid in lemon juice kills bacteria .

9. Cosmetics for body odor DEODORANTS ANTIPERSPIRANTS PERFUMES

10. The Deodorants and Antiperspirants are commonly available in the form of-

11. Properties of Deodorants and Antiperspirant It should not cause any potential skin irritation . It should not possess any staining properties as it deteriorates clothing. It should have quick drying property. It should be dermatologically safe, nontoxic and non allergic . Easy to use and adhere well on skin. Mask body odor with perfume. It should be stable for long shelf life. It should possess appropriate texture and rheological properties. Absorb perspiration or inhibit the activity of bacteria , which cause body malodour .

12. 1.DEODoRANTS A deodorant is a substance applied topically, most commonly on the underarms, to minimize the odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration. Deodorants are classified as cosmetics by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and typically contain an odor-masking fragrance. Deodorants are generally formulated into a solid, aerosol or liquid base .

13. DEODORANTS INGREDIENTS

14. INGREDIENT QUANTITY (%w/w) Ethanol 62.80 Glycerol 7.00 Sodium stearate 9.00 PEG-400 5.00 Triclosan 0.20 Water qs Fragrance 3.00 Formulation of deodorant stick

15. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DEODORANTS Deodorants reduce odor in any one of three ways: • By preventing the action of bacteria on the perspiration . • By neutralizing or counteracting the odor • By masking the offensive odor with a pleasant one. Deodorants that kill or inactivate bacteria contain antiseptic substances, such as alcohol, formaldehyde, and boric acid and also Chlorine compounds, e.g. Hypochlorite and chlorhexidine . Neutralization is the chemical reaction to modify low molecular weight fatty acids excreted from apocrine glands. Antimicrobial agent is a type of neutralizing agent that distrupts cell barrier ab ility leading to deaths of bacterial microbes. M asking is accomplished by the use of fragrances and volatile components.

16. Manufacturing process The equipment used is Silverson emulsifier. The vessel is charged with solvents such as alcohol, propylene glycol, glycerine , etc. or silicones such as dimethicone. This is the oil or “continuous phase.”  P owder ingredients, such as cetyl alcohol are dispersed into the oil phase. The “dispersed phase” is prepared separately, typically it is aqueous (stick deodorants usually do not contain water, the dispersed phase would also be oil based). The active ingredient is dispersed into this phase. Suspending agents such as bentonite may be added.  The phases are combined to form an emulsion. Gelling agents or polymers are added to stick products to form structure. Fragrance and coloring are added. The product is cooled and poured into containers, moulds , etc.

17. Antiperspirants are the products whose primary function is to inhibit perspiration. By inhibiting perspiration, which is a necessary component for the growth of bacteria that cause malodor, antiperspirants also act as deodorants.   Antiperspirants are classified as Over-The-Counter (OTC) drugs by the FDA because they prevent sweat formation (a biological function).   The active ingredient, aluminum-based compounds, gives antiperspirants their sweat-blocking ability by forming a temporary plug within the sweat duct that stops the flow of sweat to the skin's surface.  A few commonly used antiperspirant active ingredients are aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate complexes, and aluminum zirconium complexes. ANTIPERSPIRANTS

18. ANTIPERSPIRANTS - INGREDIENTS

19. FORMULATION OF ROLL-ON ANTIPERSPIRANT

20. MECHANISM OF ANTIPERSPIRANTS- Antiperspirants are aluminium based substances and are referred to as ‘actives’ on the back label of product. Antiperspirants are responsible for blocking sweat through formation of temporary plugs within sweat duct. The aluminium salt chloride is transported to eccrine gland and interacts with protein within the gland. In the protein environment , the antiperspirant active is reduced producing a gelatinous proteinaceous plug. By pluggi ng the gland sweat is prohibited from transporting to skin surface. Eventually, plug is pushed out of eccrine gland and functions normally.

21. DEODORANT ANTIPERSPIRANT Hygiene product Skin care product Kills bacteria Uses aluminium Masks or neutralizes odor Prevents sweat Doesn’t stop sweating Plugs sweat glands Usually has a perfume like scent Usually has neutral smell FDA considers this as Cosmetic (topical effect) FDA considers this as Drug (therapeutic effect) Deodorant is not an Antiperspirant Antiperspirant is deodorant

22. QUALITY CONTROL TESTS

23. PERFUMES Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aromatic compounds , fixatives and solvents used to give the human body, animal, food objects and living spaces a pleasant scent. They release a continuous pleasant fragrance that will provide a long lasting feeling of freshness. Initially it was only used for religious purpose but now it has become an ornament of sophistication for both men and women. Perfume makes a person feel good as they improve the way they smell with the scent of the perfume.  Perfumes can be floral based, spicy or woody, fruity or of herb fragrances and then combined to suit the different types of perfume. The perfume is applied to the body’s pulse points and can also be put on clothing. The body heat of the pulse points helps to diffuse the perfume and the more concentrated the perfume is the longer it lasts throughout the day .

24. Perfumes are classified into following classes: Bright floral: Fragrance from one or several flowers. e.g. Estee lauder’s Beautiful Green : Fragranc e fro m cu t gras s o r leaf . e.g . Calvi n Klein’s Eternity Aquatic: A clean smell reminiscent of ocean. e.g. Davidoff Cool Water 4.Citrus: Has freshening effect. E.g. Faberge Brut 5.Fruity: Aromas of fruits other than citrus. E.g. Ginestet Botrytis 6.Gourmand : Scen t wit h edibl e o r deser t lik e qualities . E.g. Thierry Mugler’s Angel. Perfumes can be manufactured by following steps: Collection Extraction Blending

25. When to consult a doctor? Some medical conditions may change how much a person sweats or the odor their body produces. These can be indicators of more serious conditions. If a person notices any of these changes, they should contact a doctor immediately. For example, an overactive thyroid gland or menopause can make people sweat much more, while liver disease, kidney disease, and diabetes can change the consistency of sweat and also odor. A person should contact a doctor if: They start sweating at night. They begin to experience cold sweats. They observe frequent skin infections in body areas prone to sweating. Frequent sweating or sweat-soaked clothing, even when not physically active or in a warm setting. They s weat so much that it interferes with daily activities such as trying to hold a pen, turn a doorknob or use a computer. There is a sudden change in body odor or increase in sweating.

26. references https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173478 https://www.slideshare.net/NajirRuman/deodorant-antiperspirant http://www.slideshare.net/DMONIKA1/addressing-wrinkles-body-odor-dandruff-through-cosmeceutical-preparations?from_m_app=android https://www.silverson.com/us/resource-library/application-reports/manufacture-of-deodorants-and-antiperspirants . https://slideplayer.com/slide/4381545/

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