Design of Stand-Alone Solar PV System

Chapter 1 City of Residence
Chapter 2 Estimation of Available Solar Resources
Chapter 3 Site Survey
Chapter 4 Load Estimation
Chapter 5 Electricity Bill & Estimated Load
Chapter 6 Design of BOS & Market Survey
Chapter 7 Economical Analysis & Estimation of Payback Period
Chapter 8 Conclusion

1. Report
on

Design of Stand-Alone Solar PV System

This report is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Seventh
semester B.E. in Mechanical Engineering.

Submitted By
Roll No. Name of Student
60 Sangeet Khule


Under the guidance of
Dr. Sandeep S. Joshi
(Dept. of Mechanical Engg.)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SHRI RAMDEOBABA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &
MANAGEMENT , KATOL ROAD, NAGPUR, INDIA-440013
2020-2021

2. CONTENTS
Chapter Topic Page No.
LINK OF EXCEL i
Chapter 1 City of Residence 1
Chapter 2 Estimation of Available Solar Resources 2
Chapter 3 Site Survey 4
Chapter 4 Load Estimation 6
Chapter 5 Electricity Bill & Estimated Load 7
Chapter 6 Design of BOS & Market Survey 9
Chapter 7 Economical Analysis & Estimation of Payback Period 17
Chapter 8 Conclusion 20

3. i

LINK OF EXCEL

(https://onedrive.live.com/edit.aspx?cid=8c4817d6aab2fed0&page=view&r
esid=8C4817D6AAB2FED0!8771&parId=8C4817D6AAB2FED0!103&app
=Excel)

 Arrangement in excel is rough.

 Proper presentation is in the below report.

4. 1

CHAPTER 1

CITY OF RESIDENCE


Fig 1.1. Location

Address:
Hindustan Colony, Amravati Road, Nagpur, 440033

Latitude: 21 ° 08’ 47.4’’ N ( 21.14639° )

Longitude: 79 ° 02’ 46.0’’E ( 79.04611° )

(Location was found out using Google Maps)

5. 2

CHAPTER 2

ESTIMATION OF AVAILABLE SOLAR RESOURCES

Visited the following website for estimation of All-Sky Surface Shortwave
Downward ( https://power.larc.nasa.gov/data-access-viewer/ )


Fig 2.1. Step 1



Fig 2.2. Step 2

6. 3


Fig 2.3. Step 3

After the completion of steps 1, 2, and 3 we got the excel. With help of it, the
following average value of solar radiation and its graph throughout the year
2020 was generated.

AVERAGE VALUE: 4.908634 kW-hr/m
2
/day


Fig 2.4. Graph of solar energy

7. 4

CHAPTER 3

SITE SURVEY

Now we will see the following
Available shade-free area in m
2
(With actual photographs, shading analysis,
shade-free area).

As there is a very little shade-free area, we will assume that the following area
is a shade-free area.

Total Area = 80.321 + 80.321 + 55.741 m
2

Total Area = 216.383 m
2




6.096 X 13.176 m
80.321 m
2

(a) Terrace 1

8. 5


6.096 X 13.176 m
80.321 m
2

(b) Terrace 2



55.741 m
2

(C) Garden
Fig 3.1. Site survey at 4:00 pm

9. 6

CHAPTER 4

LOAD ESTIMATION
Now we will see the following

( All the calculations and graphs is done using excel )
Table 4.1. Load Estimation
Sr.
No.
Name of Appliances Watts

(W)
Number of
Appliances
Total
Watts
(W)
Daily
Usage
(h)
Energy
Usage
(Wh)
1 Bajaj majesty geyser 2000 2 4000 0.2 800
2 IFB washing machine 1900 1 1900 0.2 380
3 Usha dry iron 1100 1 1100 0.05 55
4 Usha mixer 800 1 800 0.5 400
5 Samsung refrigerator 200 1 200 24 4800
6 Faber chimney 180 1 180 0.1 18
7 Asus Rog charger 150 1 150 2 300
8 Cooler motor 150 1 150 2.5 375
9 macbook charger 87 1 87 1 87
10 Samsung Bravia TV 80 1 80 0.5 40
11 Havells fan 75 3 225 3 675
12 Havells swing fan 55 2 110 0.5 55
13 Havells Ventilair
Exhaust Fan
36 3 108 0.2 21.6
14 Eureka Forbes water
purifier
35 1 35 0.5 17.5
15 Philips white tubelight 20 3 60 3 180
16 Cooler pump 18 1 18 2.5 45
17 Google pixel charger 15 1 15 1.5 22.5
18 TP link wifi router 12 1 12 24 288
19 Philips white tubelight 10 3 30 1 30
20 iphone charger 5 3 15 1 15

Total Load (W) = 9275 W
Total Energy Usage (Wh) =


8604.6 Whr
8.6046 KWhr Units
8.6046 Units/Day

10. 7

CHAPTER 5

ELECTRICITY BILL & ESTIMATED LOAD

Now we will see the following

 Electricity Bill
 Estimated Load

Electricity bill was found out with the help of the following website

( https://wss.mahadiscom.in/wss/wss_view_pay_bill.aspx )

The following result came after putting consumer no. (12 digits)


Fig 5.1. Graph of Unit Consumption


Fig 5.2. Bill Amounts

11. 8

Table 5.1. Total Cost of Year
2790
2690
2510
2930
4610
3120
2630
1620
2060
1800
1850
2340
Total Cost of Electricity Bill = ₹ 30950 / Year

Fig 5.3. Bill of October

UNIT CONSUMPTION =



Total Estimated Energy Usage (KWh) = 8.605 Units / Day
So, as we can both the values are quite similar ( H.P. )

Units Per
Year Month Day
3092 257.666 8.588

12. 9

CHAPTER 6

DESIGN OF BOS & MARKET SURVEY OF COMPONENTS

Now we will see the following

A) Sizing and choosing of electronic components

B) Market survey ( It is done in a very correct way with proper specifications )

1. INVERTER

Total load 9275 W
Efficiency 0.93 93 %
Required power 9973.118 W
Approximate VA required 10000 VA

Always choose the inverter having a higher capacity than the connected load.

Therefore, 10000 VA

Total energy 8604.600 Whr/Day
Efficiency 0.93 93 %
Required energy 9206.922 Whr/Day
Approximate 9220 Whr/Day

Approximately 9220 Whr input.

MARKET SURVEY

Waaree 10kw Three Phase Solar On-Grid Inverter

Price: ₹ 90200

The link to the following product is given below
( https://www.waaree.com/shop/solar-inverter/W3-10K )

13. 10


Fig 6.1. Inverter


Fig 6.2. Inverter Specifications

Waaree 10kw Three Phase Solar On-Grid Inverter will satisfy our requirement.

2. BATTERY

For, estimation of battery size and capacity

System voltage ampere-hour is to be calculated.

Total energy 9220 Whr
System voltage 12 V
Ah to be supplied 768.333 Ahr

Now, the depth of discharge is to be considered.

14. 11

Ah to be supplied 768.333 Ahr
DoD% 0.5 50%
Actual Ah to be supplied 1536.667 Ahr

Now, a number of days of autonomy are taken as 2.

NODOA 2: today and one more extra day

Actual Ah to be supplied 1536.667 Ahr
Number of days of autonomy 2
Final required battery capacity 3073.333 Ahr

As

Therefore

Total energy 9220 Whr
Battery Efficiency 90%
Energy input needed for battery 10244.444 Whr

MARKET SURVEY

Waaree 12.8V/240Ah (3072Wh) Li-Ion LFP Battery Packs

Price: ₹ 56832 each

The link to the following product is given below

( https://www.waaree.com/shop/li-ion-batteries/WB-128240LS)

15. 12


Fig 6.3. Battery


Fig 6.4. Battery Specifications

Total Number = Total Ah capacity / Ah of one battery

Final required battery capacity 3073.333 Ahr
Total No. of batteries required 12.80556 13 Batteries
Ah of each battery 240 Ahr

13 Batteries of 240 Ahr will satisfy our requirement.

3. PV MODULE

Daily solar radiations in terms of equivalent sunshine hours.

AVG Rad = 4.908634 kW-hr/m^2/day
4.908634 hr of 1 kW-hr/m^2 ie 1 Unit

4.908634 hrs of 1 kW-hr/m
2

16. 13

Energy need from SPV module 10244.44444 Whr
Equivalent daily sunshine hours 4.908634 hr
SPV module wattage 2087.025524 W

MARKET SURVEY

Waaree 125 Watt Polycrystalline Solar Module

Price: ₹ 3600 each

The link to the following product is given below
( https://www.waaree.com/shop/solar-module/WS-125 )


Fig 6.5. Solar Module


Fig 6.6. Solar Module Specifications

17. 14

SPV module wattage approximate 2100 W
Power of one solar panel 125 W
Total no. of solar modules required 16.8
17

Therefore, the total number of solar modules required are 17 of 125 W.

EXTRA
Optimum Tilt angle in Nagpur ( According to each month )

Table 6.1 Optimum Tilt angle in Nagpur
January February March April May June
37 ° 29 ° 21 ° 13 ° 5 ° 180 °

July August September October November December
5 ° 13 ° 21 ° 29 ° 37 ° 44 °

β = 21.1666 °


Fig 6.7. 21.166 ° of Solar Panel ( It is in My Building )

18. 15

As the optimum tilt angle for the application of the solar PV module should be
taken for months as this will ensure the proper utilization of the solar
PV module.

4. MPPT/CHARGE CONTROLLER

CHARGE CONTROLLERS
Charge Controller charges the solar battery from Solar Panel and also prevent
the battery from overcharging and reverse current flow.

RETROFITS
Solar Retrofit is an upgrade of charge controller which when connected to any
non-Solar UPS converts it into Solar without any change in electrical wiring. It
has inbuilt intelligence to maximize the use of solar energy to power your
appliances.

So, I chose RETROFITS for my application.

Required Inverter Capacity = 10000 VA.

MARKET SURVEY

Luminous Solar Retrofit - SRS 12050

Price: ₹ 14199

The link to the following product is given below
( https://www.luminousindia.com/shine-12050.html )


Fig 6.8. Charge Controller

19. 16



Fig 6.9. Charge Controller Specifications

The market survey was done in such a way that good quality was the priority.

Therefore, only companies such as WAAREE and LUMINOUS are used which
are world-class brands.

FUSE, WIRE AND JUNCTION BOX SELECTION
For DC
Total Watt Voltage (V) Current (A)
2100 12 175

For AC
Total Watt Voltage (V) Current (A)
9275 230 40.326

20. 17

CHAPTER 7

ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS & ESTIMATION OF PAYBACK PERIOD

COMPONENT QUANTITY COST TOTAL COST
Inverter 1 90200 90200.0
Battery 13 56832 738816.0
PV Module 17 3600 61200.0
Charge Controller 1 14199 14199.0
Cables & Accessories - 10000 10000
Total = ₹ 914415.0

Subsidy/Support is available from Central Government through MNRE

Under this scheme, central financial assistance will be provided by the Centre
for installation of a rooftop solar system of at least 1KW capacity to residential
category consumers — 40% subsidy for 1-3KW and 20% for 3-10KW.

According to the above statements.
I will get a subsidy of 20% of the total

Total 914415.0 ₹
Subsidy 182883 ₹
Net Cost of Investment 731532.0 ₹
Annual electricity expense 30950 ₹

Payback period 23.636 Years

The payback period is 23 Years & 8 Months.

NOTE
If you want to reduce the payback period.

We use a cheaper battery which is done in EXCEL but the quality was the
priority. Therefore, we had to buy an expensive battery.

(Cheaper battery calculations are in excel)

21. 18

Space Required for Installation of Solar Panels


Fig 7.1. Solar Panel Dimensions

Length Width
1.49 0.675 m

Length will be reduced because solar panels are inclined to horizontal for
optimum utilization of solar panels.

β = 21.1666 °

Length Width
1.389 0.675 m β = 21.1666 °

Area of 1 Solar Panel 0.937575 m
2

Area of 17 Solar Panel 15.938775 m
2


Total space required = 15.938775 m
2


MARKET SURVEY

10kW Luminous Solar Power System

Price: ₹ 13,00,000

The link to the following product is given below

( https://kenbrooksolar.com/product/10kw-luminous-solar-off-grid-complete-
system-mppt-pcu )

22. 19



Fig 7.2. Solar System 10 KW


Fig 7.3. Solar System 10 KW Specifications

23. 20

CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION

We will now conclude the report with the help of the following table.

Table 8.1 Conclusion Table
SR.
NO.
TITLE SPECIFICATION
1 Total Capacity Of Required PV
Modules
2100 W
2 No. Of PV Modules Required

17

3 Space Required For Installation

15.938 m
2

4 Batteries

3073 Ahr, 10244 Whr
13*240 Ahr, 12 V
5 Inverter

10000 VA
DC to AC, 3 Phase
6 P.V. Model

17*125 W
12 V
7 Best Suitable Systems Available In
Market
10 KW Grid-Connected
₹ 13,00,000
8 Payback Period In Years

23.636 Years
23 Years & 8 Months


Fig 8.1. Conclusion