DESIGNING VECTOR GRAPHICS with INKSCAPE PPT.pptx

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1. Lesson 1: Graphic Design This course is about graphic design. In this lesson, we will be discussing what it is. We will also go over the basic concepts in computer graphics. We will also start exploring Inkscape, which is the graphics editor application that we will be using for the course. After studying this lesson, you should be able to: define graphic design, review the elements and principles of design; know the difference between raster and vector graphics; and start using Inkscape. Objectives

2. Introducing Graphic Design Example of Bad Graphics Example of Good Graphics Graphic design is the systematic and methodical process of creating visuals that communicate messages effectively.

3. The elements of design are the basic units that make up a visual.

4. The principles of design provide guidelines on how to put these elements together. These principles are interrelated, and deciding how to apply one principle can impact how others can be accommodated.

5. What is Computer Graphics ? Computer graphics deals with how visuals and images can be generated, processed, and manipulated using computers. Vector images Raster images

6. File Types

7. Introduction to Inkscape Inkscape is a vector graphics editing application. To download go to: https://inkscape.org/.

8. The Inkscape GUI

9. Setting Up the Canvas Click File > New from Template or press Ctrl + Alt + N . To Modify the existing blank document Click File > Document Properties or press Ctrl + Shift + D To Save a File Click File > Save or press Ctrl + S Inkscape’s default file format is SVG .

10. Lesson 2: Lines, Curves, and Shapes In this lesson, we will be starting to create some basic design elements. Inkscape allows us to draw lines, manipulate curves, and create shapes. We will also be exploring colors, fills, and strokes. After studying this lesson, you should be able to: use Inkscape’s basic drawing tools; draw lines, curves, and shapes; and apply colors and effects. Objectives

11. Main Tools and Shortcuts

12. Main Tools and Shortcuts

13. Lines Inkscape provides two ways for us to draw lines of the canvas. First: Using Freehand Tool Click Freehand tool in the Tool Box or press the P key . Freehand tool allows you to draw lines on the canvas by clicking and dragging your cursor on the canvas .

14. Lines and outlines in vector images are made visible by setting color and thickness values. This is referred to as the stroke . To change the width of an object’s stroke, press Shift + Ctrl + F .

15. Lines Inkscape provides two ways for us to draw lines of the canvas. Second: Using Bezier Curves tool Click Bezier Curves tool in the Tool Box or press the B key . Bezier (pronounced BEH-zee-ay) curves are displayed using a mathematical formula. Bezier curves will appear smooth no matter the scale.

16. Paths and Curves If you select either of the straight lines you have drawn, you will notice that it is simply a connection between two points. We can use multiple points or “ nodes ” to create multiple line segments or Bezier curves. This sequence of nodes is called a path .

17. Switch to the Select tool . Double click on our line object. It will reveal the nodes and line segments (collectively, the path) created from our cursor movement. Using Bezier Curves tool, create straight line segments by clicking on the start and end nodes. Or click, hold, and drag while creating a node to curve the line. Double-clicking while drawing a line or pressing Enter “ends” the path. Switch to the Select tool again and double-click on the path we just created. This will reveal the nodes and curves that comprise our path.

18. To edit paths, select the Edit Paths by Nodes tool or press N . To change the segment curves, click and drag the handles of the node. To delete a node, select it and press Del .

19. Shapes and Colors Creating Shapes Rectangles and Squares - Press R or F4 . Circles, Ellipses, Arcs - Press E or F5 . Stars and Polygons - Press * . To switch between stars and polygons, select the shape in the Tools Command Bar. You can also set the number of corners of the shape you want to draw.

20. Fill and Stroke Fill settings determine the color of the area inside the shapes. Create any shape. Select it and open up the Fill and Stroke options by pressing Ctrl + Shift + F . You can pick among the available color models, including RGB(Red, Green, Blue) and CMYK(Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) . You can also use the Wheel option.

21. Fill Options No Paint Flat Color Linear Gradient Radial Gradient Mesh Pattern Swatch Unset Paint 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

22. Choosing Colors A tool that can help you find which colors are in harmony is the color wheel. Basic Color Combinations Complementary Monochromatic Analogous Triadic Tetradic

23. Transforming Objects Inkscape allows us to transform objects by scaling, rotating, or “shearing” them. To scale or resize an object, select the Select tool or press S . Click on an object. Click and drag on any of the corners. You may also scale a selection by manually entering the width and height values in the Tools Control Bar.

24. To rotate a selection, press Shift + S while using the Select tool. To move the axis, click on the crosshair at the middle of the object and drag it to a new position. We can also shear or skew objects. While using the rotate/shear option, click and drag on the middle arrows.

25. Lesson 3: Importing and Exporting Files Part of digital graphic design is file management. In this lesson, we will be learning how to manage the design files you will use with Inkscape. After studying this lesson, you should be able to: export images from Inkscape; save files Inkscape SVG files; and import and edit other design files. Objectives

26. Scalable Vector Graphics SVG is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). SVG is based on Extensible Markup Language (XML), which means it essentially stores the data that tells a rendering engine how the vector image will be displayed in text format. SVG files can technically be edited using a text editor like Notepad. Inkscape SVG file looks like when opened using a text editor

27. Opening and Saving Files To open an existing file, click File on the Main Menu and select Open or press Ctrl + O . To save file, click File on the Main Menu and select Save or press Ctrl + S . To create a new copy of a file you are working on, you can either use the Save As or Save a Copy options. To use Save As, click on File > Save As or press Ctrl + Shift + S . To use Save a Copy, click on File > Save a Copy or press Ctrl + Alt + Shift + S .

28. Exporting Images Inkscape allows us to export our vector images as PNG . Portable Network Graphics (PNG) is a raster file format that supports lossless data compression and transparency. Lossless compression means that the original image data is retained while making the file size as small as possible. Lossy compression format (like JPG) that basically changes image information to keep file sizes down.

29. To export your design as PNG, click File > Export PNG Image or press Ctrl + Shift + E . This will open the Export PNG Image options in the dock. Four different options Page - Include the contents with the page. Drawing - Include all objects placed on the canvas. It is possible to have elements that exceed the page area. Selecting “drawing” will include even those elements in the export. Selection - Include only selected objects. Custom - Include only those within specified coordinates.

30. To have the image export with a colored background, go to your Document Properties ( File > Document Properties or Ctrl + Shift + D ), and set the A value to maximum (100).

31. Importing Files Inkscape can natively import SVGZ (zipped SVG), AI, and PDF files. More recent Inkscape versions can also import CDR (CorelDraw) VSD (Microsoft Visio) files. For EPS files, you will need to install extensions to get it to work. To import files, click File > Import or press Ctrl + I .

32. Lesson 4: Groups, Path Operations, and Extensions Now that we know how to create and manipulate basic shapes and even import vector graphics into Inkscape, we will be exploring more techniques to transform these objects. In this lesson, we will be learning how to group and ungroup objects, work with paths, and use extensions to render interesting shapes. After studying this lesson, you should be able to: group and ungroup objects; use path operations; and use extensions to render objects. Objectives

33. Grouping Objects To prevent the movement of objects, we can group related objects. This way, we can move and manipulate them as a group. To group objects, select them and click Object > Group , press Ctrl + G , or click the Group Selected Objects button in the Commands Bar. To ungroup the objects, you can click Object > Ungroup , press Ctrl + Shift + G , or click Ungroup Selected Groups in the Commands Bar. We can even assign fills and strokes to all of them.

34. You can still work on an individual member of the group by double-clicking on the entire group. This will automatically switch you to using the Edit Paths by Node tool. While in this mode, you can select the individual group members and manipulate them. To exclude selected shape or path from the group. Click Object > Pop Selected Objects Out of Group .

35. Path Operations Aside from grouping objects, we can also perform operations paths and shapes to create interesting outcomes. To see all the path operations, click Path in the Main Menu.

36. Union (Ctrl + +) Difference (Ctrl + -) Intersection (Ctrl + *) Exclusion (Ctrl + ^) Division (Ctrl + /) Cut Path (Ctrl + Alt + /)

37. Rendering Paths and Objects Path operations are helpful features that can help you create more shapes from the basic shape tools. Render extensions allow us to generate an interesting array of objects.

38. 3D Polyhedrons Alphabet Soup Barcode

39. Calendar

40. Draw From Triangle Select the object and click Extensions > Render > Draw from Triangle . Once you click apply, the drawing will automatically be generated to the object.

41. Gear Spirograph Wireframe Sphere

42. Lesson 5: Using Text Tools and Drawing Paths In this lesson, we will be exploring how to combine text and images effectively. We will be using various text tools and features to create interesting text styles and layouts. We will also be refining your drawing skills by practicing the Freehand drawing tool and modifying paths using nodes and segments. After studying this lesson, you should be able to: add text and set styles, colors, and size; use the freehand drawing tool; and practice modifying nodes and segments. Objectives

43. Text Tools We can add and manipulate text using the Text tool and its related features. Click on the Create and Edit Text Objects tool in the Tools Control bar or press T . Text tool allows us to add text objects to the design. Text boxes constrain the text within its area. Words will wrap to the next line when the characters reach the right border. All text that exceeds the space will not be displayed.

44. Selecting Text To edit a line or a field, simply switch to the Text tool and click on the text object. Select text using your mouse cursor or by using these keyboard commands: Ctrl + Left/Right Arrow - move the cursor word by word Shift + Left/Right Arrow - select character by character Ctrl + Shift + Left/Right Arrow - select by words Double-click - select a word Triple-click - select the line Shift + Home - select from the beginning of the line Shift + End - select until end of the line Ctrl + Shift + Home - select from the beginning of the text Ctrl + Shift + End - select until the end of the text Ctrl + A -select all text

45. Styling Text Font Family Typeface refers to the appearance or style of a type. Font is a specific implementation of a typeface with a specific size and weight. In Inkscape, typefaces are referred to as font families. Font Style and Size You can set the font size in the bar. Simply enter the value in the field and select the unit. Spacing and Alignment Line spacing determine the space between each line. Set the alignment to left, right, center, or justified. Superscript and Subscript You can easily toggle these settings by selecting the text and clicking on either the Superscript or Subscript button in the Tools Control bar.

46. Kerning refers to the spacing between the characters of the text. In Rotation , entering positive values will rotate the text clockwise, and negative values will rotate the text counter-clockwise. Block Progression and Text Direction is used to set the direction in which the text will flow by selecting the block progression, text orientation, and direction in the Tools Control Bar.

47. Text and Font Dock To open the window, click Text in the Main Menu and select Text and Font . You can also assign stroke and fill values to text objects. Open the Fill and Stroke dock by clicking Object > Fill and Stroke or by pressing Ctrl + Shift + F .

48. Text and Paths Text can be configured to follow a path or to flow into a frame. These options are available under the Text tab in the Main Menu. To put a text on a path, you have to create a line field text object. You also need to create the path you’d like the text object to follow. To put the text on the path, select both the text object and the path, click on Text > Put on Path . To remove the text from the path, select the object, click on Text > Remove from Path .

49. You can also draw text using Freehand Tool and Bezier Curves Tool. Create a multiline text field object. Create a shape in which you’d like to contain the text. Select both objects, click Text > Flow into Frame . To remove the text from the path, select the object, click on Text > Remove from Path . You can also have a text object flow into a shape.

50. Node Tool Your Freehand and Bezier Curve paths may need adjusting. The Tools Control options for the node tool provide several handy functions. You can add nodes to a line segment. You can delete nodes. You can also join and break apart nodes and paths. Different Node Types Cusp Nodes Smooth Nodes Symmetric Node Auto-smooth Node

51. Lesson 6: Tracing Images In this lesson, you will be tracing images. You’ll be honing our skills using the Bezier Curves tool. You’ll also be working with raster images and convert them into vectors. After studying this lesson, you should be able to: use the Bezier Curves tool to trace over images; and convert raster image information to vector. Objectives

52. Let’s review how to use Bezier Curve Tool Starting the Path - To start a path, click on a starting point on the canvas. Drawing a Straight Line Segment - To draw a straight line segment, click on another point on the canvas. Drawing a Curve - To draw a curve, click, hold, and drag while creating a new node. Ending the Path - To end the path, double click on your chosen endpoint or press Enter. Refining the Path - To tweak your path, use the Nodes tool. Create the following: Convex Curve Sine Wave

53. Tracing Images Manually Here’s a good exercise for you to gain more mastery over the Bezier curves tool. Let’s trace over something. Importing a Raster Graphic Click File > Import and select the file from your computer. Click OK to place the imported graphic on the canvas. You can resize the imported graphic to fit your canvas. Example:

54. Setting Up Layers In the Main Menu, click on Layer > Layers or press Ctrl + Shift + L . To add a new layer by clicking the plus sign in the Layers dock. To “lock” a layer to prevent you from accidentally selecting, moving, or changing objects found on the layer. Click on the padlock icon to lock the layer.

55. Tracing Over the Source Why do we need to trace over the source? Click Edit > Preferences (Ctrl + Shift + P) . Go to the Tools > Pen tab .

56. If you want to check your progress with the trace, you can “hide” the source layer to make it temporarily invisible. To do this, click on the eye icon in the Source layer in the Layers dock.

57. Converting Raster to Vector Use the feature Trace Bitmap. Select the raster image, then click Path > Trace Bitmap or press Shift + Alt + B . Brightness cutoff In the dialog, you can choose between single and multiple scans. Single Scan allows you to create a single path from the raster image. Multiple Scans result in overlapping paths.

58. Edge detection Color quantization

59. You can also select Autotrace and Centerline Tracing to produce an optimal trace for the image. Multiscan attempts to make better sense of the image, resulting in more accurate traces. Brightness steps - Performs multiple passes to generate a path. Colors - Attempts to generate paths and fills based on actual colors. Gray - Similar to colors but uses shades of gray instead of colors. You can also enable certain settings for multiscan options. Smooth - Inkscape applies a blur effect before scanning and tracing, resulting in smoother paths and outlines. Stack scans - Attempts to cover holes in the path coverage. Remove background - Deletes the background. Suppress speckles - Attempts to take away dots and spots of the raster image before tracing. Optimize paths - Merges curves for a smoother path.

60. Lesson 7: Duplicating, Aligning and Distributing Objects In this lesson, we will be learning how to replicate objects. We will also explore how to take control of object placements on the canvas. After studying this lesson, you should be able to: replicate objects using copy, clone, and the spray tool; organize the canvas using the grid and guides; and align and distribute the objects. Objectives

61. Replicating Objects A speedy way to go about designing your project is by reusing elements. Inkscape provides several ways to replicate objects. Copying and Duplicating You can select an object, press Ctrl + C and then Ctrl + V to create a copy of the selected object. Select an object and press Ctrl + D (or click Edit > Duplicate ). The duplicate will be placed directly on top of the source object.

62. Cloning You can create a clone of a selected object by pressing Alt + D or clicking Edit > Clone > Create Clone . Like the Duplicate command, cloning will place the new object in the same position as the original. But, what are the difference between the two?

63. The Spray tool allows you to rapidly copy or clone objects in a manner that mimics droplets of paint from a spray can. Select the object. Enable the Spray tool in the Tool Box or press Ctrl + A . Point your cursor over the object, click and drag over the area in which you want the copies to appear. BEFORE AFTER The tool has four modes available in the Tools Controls bar: Copy, Clone, Single Path , Delete You can also set various values to change the way the tool behaves.

64. Rotation - Sets the variation of rotation of copies relative to the source. Scale - Sets the variation of the size of the copies relative to the source. Scatter - Higher value increases the spread of sprayed objects. Focus - Higher value increases the ring radius in which the copies will be generated. Apply over not transparent areas Apply over transparent areas No overlap between colors Prevent overlapping objects Prevent overlapping objects Pick color from the drawing

65. Setting the Grid and Guides You can toggle the page grid by clicking View > Page Grid or by pressing Shift + 3 or # . To toggle guides, click View > Guides or press the vertical bar (|) .

66. Align and Distribute You can use the Align and Distribute tools to keep the objects on the canvas organized. To bring up the dock, click Object > Align and Distribute or press Ctrl + Shift + A .

67. Align Align objects by toggling the “Enable on-canvas alignment handles.” Once you select objects, you can click twice on the selection (or press Shift + S twice) to enable the alignment handles. The objects in your selection will align depending on the handle that you will click. Clicking on the center handle will align the objects based on their center points.

68. Clicking on the side handles will align the edges accordingly. You can also choose from a variety of alignment settings. You can set how these tools behave by selecting an appropriate “Relative to” setting. This will determine the reference object to which the other elements in the selection will align. Last selected First selected Biggest object Smallest object Page Drawing Selected area (the selection of objects)

69. Once you have made your selection, simply click on any of the following alignment options: Align right edges of objects to left side of the anchor Align left edges Center on vertical axis Align right sides Align left sides of edges to right side of the anchor Align baseline anchors of texts horizontally Align bottom edges of objects to top of anchor Align tops Center on horizontal axis Align bottom edges Align tops of objects to the bottom edge of the anchor Align baselines of texts

70. Distribute The distribution options allow you to set the spaces between objects. Try selecting “ Distribute centers equidistantly horizontally .” BEFORE AFTER Distribute left edges equidistantly Distribute centers equidistantly horizontally Distribute right edges equidistantly Make horizontal gaps between objects equal Distribute baseline anchors of texts horizontally Distribute top edges equidistantly Distribute centers equidistantly vertically Distribute bottom edges equidistantly Make vertical gaps between objects equal Distribute baselines of texts vertically

71. Rearrange Aside from alignment and distribution, the panel also allows you to rearrange the objects on the canvas. Remove Overlaps Select the overlapping objects and click on the Move button. BEFORE AFTER

72. Aligning Nodes Its options include: Align selected nodes to a common horizontal line Align selected nodes to a common vertical line Distribute selected nodes horizontally Distribute selected nodes vertically

73. Lesson 8: Layers and Filters In this lesson, we will be exploring the Layers dialog panel to organize our designs better. We will also be exploring the various filters . After studying this lesson, you should be able to: use more layers features; and explore the various filters in Inkscape. Objectives

74. Layers help us organize design elements on our page. The Layers Panel Bring up the layers panel by clicking Layer > Layers or by pressing Ctrl + Shift + L . To add a layer, click the + icon in the panel. To delete a layer, select the layer you want to be erased and click on the minus sign . To rename a layer, double-click on a layer or right-click on the layer and select Rename Layer . To mark a layer as active, click on the layer in the panel. To select a layer (to make it active), simply click on the layer once in the Layers dialog.

75. Working with Layers To reorder your layers, you can press Ctrl + Shift + Page Up to raise the active layer. To lower the active layer in the stack, press Ctrl + Shift Page Down . To raise a layer to the topmost position, press Ctrl + Shift + Home . To lower it to the bottom position, press Ctrl + Shift + End . You can also conveniently use the buttons in the panel . To toggle the layer visibility by clicking on the eye icon on the left side of the layer. To toggle the layer lock, click on the padlock icon .

76. Opacity and Blend Modes Opacity refers to the layer’s transparency. You can set the value from 0 (fully transparent/invisible) to 100% (fully opaque). BEFORE AFTER Blend modes can be handy to create various effects for layers with overlapping elements. Multiply Difference Hardlight

77. Filters enhance images using a variety of processing algorithms. Inkscape has a wide array of filters, with about 18 filter groups available by default. To see the entire list, click Filters on the Main Menu. To use a filter, select an object, and select a filter from the menu.

78. Using Filters Drop Shadow filter To use Drop Shadow, Click Filters > Shadows and Glows > Drop Shadow . Check the Live Preview checkbox Blur radius - Sets how blurred the shadow will be. Horizontal/Vertical offset - How far from the object the drop shadow will appear. A FTER

79. Editing Filters Inkscape allows you to fine-tune your filters through the Filter Editor, which is accessible by clicking Filters > Filter Editor . The panel will also show the series of algorithms and computations applied to the image to produce the filter’s effect. To remove a filter, simply select the object, click Filters > Remove Filters .

80. Lesson 9: Logos and Business Cards In this lesson, we will be working on actual design projects. We will be learning how to design logos and business cards in Inkscape. After studying this lesson, you should be able to: create a logo; and craft a business card. Objectives

81. A logo is a visual that is used to communicate that identity. Let’s try creating a logo. Set up your document, page guides and grid.

82. Things to remember when creating a logo Choosing a Typeface Typefaces are grouped into two major classes. The serif refers to the small lines found at the ends of a letter stroke. Serif typefaces have these. Sans-serif (which means “without serif”) do not have these. Create a text object and type out your name or your company.

83. Things to remember when creating a logo Choosing Colors Most food brands, for instance, use combinations of red, yellow, and orange. Tech companies popularly use cooler colors like blue and silver. Since our typeface has a vintage theme, we can continue this theme with our colors, using a muted color palette. Here are some sites from which you can get color swatches and palettes for reference: Adobe Color - https://color.adobe.com/create/color-wheel Canva - https://www.canva.com/colors/color-palette-generator/ Coolors.co - https://coolors.co/

84. Things to remember when creating a logo Creating an Icon Icon is one of the trickier things to incorporate into the design since the logo should capture the essence while being simplified enough so that it is not too “busy.” For this logo, we will choose the paintbrush as the icon. You experiment using the shapes feature of the drawing tools or use the calligraphic brushstroke. Draw or import the icon you want to use.

85. A Business cards are small cards that feature a person’s contact information, professional designation, and affiliation. Let’s try creating a Business Card. Set up your document, page guides and grid.

86. Determine what design element you’d like to be included in your card and create layers to hold each one. Placing a Background and Containers This is called accounting for “bleed.” What happens in printing is that printers will be cutting your business card to size. Accounting for bleed allows them to cut and still have a solid color to the edges.

87. Adding Contact Information A business card typical features the following information: Name Title/Designation Company Name and Logo Phone Number Email Address Company Website Remember: Use text objects to place the necessary information. For the typeface, choose one that is readable. Avoid using very stylized fonts since they might not be legible, especially given the small font sizes in business cards. The smallest text should be at 8pt. you can also add a QR code that points to your website. Click Extensions > Render > Barcode > QR Code to launch the QR code generator.

88. Lesson 10: E-cards and Poster In this lesson, we will be creating more design projects using Inkscape. We will be creating an e-card and a poster. After studying this lesson, you should be able to: design an e-card; and create a poster. Objectives

89. Let’s try creating a motivational e- card. Set up your document, page guides and grid. E-cards are digital versions of postcards and greeting cards. These are meant to be viewed digitally. By default, Inkscape does not have preset page sizes for e-cards.

90. In art and photography, one technique that allows us to apply design principles such as balance and emphasis is the “ rule of thirds .”

91. Since we are creating a motivational e-card, we need an inspirational quote to use. Try using a favorite motto or mantra. Visit Goodreads (https://www.goodreads.com/quotes) and Brainy Quote (https://www.brainyquote.com/).

92. Going Minimalist Adding an Accent Styling the Text

93. You can also use a photograph or a raster image to enhance your design. You can clip and mask the image to fit a particular shape within Inkscape. To do this, create a new shape that covers the area of the picture you want to keep. Click Object > Clip > Set . Inkscape has several filters for raster images. Click Extensions > Raster to see the list of raster filters.

94. Styling the Text Notice how we used the rule of thirds to place the focal point of the image optimally. Export the image. You can retain the resolution to 96 DPI.

95. When creating a poster, keep in mind the following guidelines: Set up your document, page guides and grid. Posters are designed to be for decoration. Others are used as a form of publicity or advertisement, as with movie posters or advertisements. Know your purpose. Identify your audience Decide on your medium Choose a theme Prepare the details Have a call to action

96. Start by adding a solid background and border as an accent to the whole page. Focus on the upper half of the page. Place the important elements in this area. (Headlines) Add the other important details. Add a box to hold the information.

97. Typically, it is advisable to use dark text on a light background and vice-versa. Place all the other supporting details about our event for the bottom half of the poster. Finally, we can add other design elements that can help the design stand out.

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