Detailed Project Report on OXYGEN (INDUSTRIAL/MEDICAL) AND NITROGEN (99.99%)

Industrial gases are gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in Industry. The principal gases provided are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene; although a huge variety of gases and mixtures are available in gas cylinders. The industry producing these gases is known as the industrial gases industry, which is seen as also encompassing the supply of equipment and technology to produce and use the gases. Their production is a part of the wider chemical Industry (where industrial gases are often seen as "specialty chemicals").

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ENGINEERS INDIA RESEARCH INSTITUTE
4/54, Roop Nagar, Delhi-110007 (India)
Phone: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.eiriindia.org





OXYGEN (INDUSTRIAL/MEDICAL) AND
NITROGEN (99.99%)
[EIRI/EDPR/4741] J.C.: 2961XL


Industrial gases are gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in Industry.
The principal gases provided are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon,
hydrogen, helium and acetylene; although a huge variety of gases and mixtures
are available in gas cylinders. The industry producing these gases is known as the
industrial gases industry, which is seen as also encompassing the supply of
equipment and technology to produce and use the gases. Their production is a
part of the wider chemical Industry (where industrial gases are often seen as
"specialty chemicals").

Industrial gases are used in a wide range of industries, which include oil and gas,
petrochemicals, chemicals, power, mining, steelmaking, metals, environmental
protection, medicine, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food, water, fertilizers,
nuclear power, electronics and aerospace. Industrial gas is sold to other industrial
enterprises; typically comprising large orders to corporate industrial clients,
covering a size range from building a process facility or pipeline down to cylinder
gas supply.

Some trade scale business is done, typically through tied local agents who are
supplied wholesale. This business covers the sale or hire of gas cylinders and
associated equipment to tradesmen and occasionally the general public. This
includes products such as balloon helium, dispensing gases for beer kegs, welding
gases and welding equipment, LPG and medical oxygen.

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Retail sales of small scale gas supply are not confined to just the industrial gas
companies or their agents. A wide variety of hand-carried small gas containers,
which may be called cylinders, bottles, cartridges, capsules or canisters are
available to supply LPG, butane, propane, carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide.
Examples are Whipped-cream chargers, powerlets, campingaz and sodastream.

The great importance of the industrial gas, oxygen is due to the usefulness of the
acetylene torch for steel welding and steel cutting, and for the welding of other
metals, to lesser degree to the oxyhydrogen flame. Oxygen gas in the breathing
apparatus for a visitors at high altitudes and for oxygentents in hospitals is a
high altitudes and for oxygentents in hospitals is a more recent development. An
extension of the use of oxygen lies in the increased in tensity and speed of
reactions brought about by oxygen enriched air instead of ordinary air; the
reduction of the cycle time so achieved in chemical or metallurgical process
permits a greater yield per volume of equipment, and brings about lower costs.
Oxygen as a raw material for synthesizing chemical compounds is in daily use
(ethylene oxide, sodium peroxide). Liquid oxygen mixed with carbon black may yet
become an important and cheap explosive.

On the commercial scale, oxygen is made from atmospheric air small production
by the electrolysis of water is the result of special circumstances.

All processes based on atmospheric air involve two steps which are distinct even
when combined in one piece of equipment: (1) the liquefaction of air (Preceded by
a purification, and (2) separation of the oxygen from the nitrogen by fractionating
the Liquid in a plate column.

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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

IN ADDITION, AIR CONTAINS IN SMALLER AMOUNTS, HYDROGEN AND CARE
GASES:

CARBON DIOXIDE

NITROGEN

ARGON

PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS

PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN

GRADE

HAZARD

PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN

GRADES OF NITROGEN:

PROPERTIES OF ARGON

GRADES:

SHIPMENT:

USES AND APPLICATION

CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING

STEEL MANUFACTURING & METAL FABRICATION

HEALTH CARE & MEDICAL

ELECTRONICS

FOOD & BEVERAGE

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WATER TREATMENT

ACETYLENE

HYDROGEN

CARBON DIOXIDE

NITROGEN

OXYGEN

ARGON

USES AND APPLICATION OF OXYGEN

CHEMICALS

EXPLOSIVES

OTHER USES

USES OF NITROGEN:

USES OF CARBON DIOX IDE:

COMMERCIAL USES

CARBON DIOXIDE CONTAINERS

LIQUEFIED CARBON DIOXIDE CONTAINERS

HANDLING PRE-CAUTIONS

DRY ICE CONVERTERS

CONVERTER HANDLING PRECAUTIONS

USES OF ARGON GAS:

B.I.S. SPECIFICATION

INDIAN STANDARDS:

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COMPOSITION OF AIR:

MARKET 0VERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL GASES

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET SEGMENTATION ANALYSIS

BY GAS TYPE ANALYSIS

OXYGEN SEGMENT TO DOMINATE BACKED BY SURGING USAGE IN FLAME
HARDENING

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET INSIGHTS

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET SEGMENTAL ANALYSI S

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET ANALYSIS BY PRODUCT TYPE

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET ANALYSIS BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL

INDUSTRIAL GASES MARKET TOP PLAYER'S

PRESENT MANUFACTURERS OF OXYGEN AND NITROGEN

RAW MATERIALS

GAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF AIR

TABLE- THE AVERAGE COMPOSITION OF AIR

LIQUEFACTION

FIGURE SHOWS THE LAYOUT OF A TYPICAL AIR LIQUIFACTION PLANT.

FIGURE - TYPICAL LAYOUT OF AN AIR LIQUIFACTION PLANT

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

CYLINDER FILLING

PROCESS DESCRIPTI ON OF NITROGEN GAS GENERATOR

PROCESS FLOW OF NITROGEN GENERATION PLANT

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PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE & ARGON

CARBON DIOXIDE

OXYGEN AND NITROGEN GAS

OTHER DETAILS OF OXYGEN AND NITROGEN SEPARATION FROM AIR

DISTRIBUTIONS

FILLING

CYLINDERS

LIQUID OXYGEN

ARGON GAS:

PROCESS IN DETAILS

PRETREATING

SEPARATING

PURIFYING

QUALITY CONTROL

PROCESS DETAILS:

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

CRYOGENIC LIQUID DISTRIBUTION METHOD

GAS PURITY MEASUREMENTS IN GAS BOTTLING PLANTS

TABLE- GAS BOTTLING PLANT GAS ANALYZER APPLICATIONS

ADDRESSER OF PLANT AND MACHINERY SUPPLIERS

AIR COMPRESSORS

DISTILLATION UNITS

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CONDENSER

HEAT EXCHANGER

REFRIGERATION PLANTS

STORAGE TANKS

LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS

INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENTS

SUPPLIERS OF PLANT RAW MATERIALS

CAUSTIC SODA

LUBRICATING OIL

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS

02. LAND & BUILDING

03. PLANT AND MACHINERY

04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS

05. FIXED CAPITAL

06. RAW MATERIAL

07. SALARY AND WAGES

08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS

09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL

10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

11. COST OF PRODUCTION

12. TURN OVER/ANNUM

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13. BREAK EVEN POINT

14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE

15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS

16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS

17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS

18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 2160 Nm3/Day

Land & Building (4000 sq.mt.) Rs. 2.80 Cr

Plant & Machinery Rs. 1.13 Cr

Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 73.03 Lac

Total Capital Investment Rs. 7.71 Cr

Rate of Return 27%

Break Even Point 59%