DETAILS OF KCL AND KVL FOR BASIC ELECTRICAL

KCL KVL

1. BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TOPIC- KCL & KVL

2. Kirchhoff’s Law German Physicist Kirchhoff proposed two important laws which can be applied to solve problems electric circuit. Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL ) Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL ) Kirchhoff’s current law states that the algebraic sum of all the current meeting at a point is equal to zero.

3. Contd... The total current entering a junction or a node is equal to the current leaving the node. i.e sum of incoming current=sum of outgoing current  

4. Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law states that the algebraic sum of the voltages (or voltage drops) in any closed path is equal to zero. In other words, in a closed circuit, the algebraic sum of all the EMFs and the algebraic sum of all the voltage drops (product of current (I) and resistance (R ) is zero .

5. Contd...

6. Contd..

7. ACTIVE & PASSIVE ELEMENT ACTIVE ELEMENTS An active element is an electrical component which supplies energy to a circuit. Active elements have the ability to electrically control electron flow (i.e. the flow of charge). Common examples of active components include: Voltage sources, current sources, transistors, generators PASSIVE ELEMENTS A passive component is an electrical component which can only receive energy, which it can either dissipate, absorb or store it in an electric field or a magnetic field. Ex- Resistor, inductor and capacitor

8. Unilateral & Bilateral Elements The elements in which Conduction of current in one direction is termed as unilateral elements. Example- Diode & Transistor

9. Contd... Bilateral Elements Bilateral elements are defined as the elements through which Conduction of current in both directions. Example- Resistor, Inductor, capacitor

10. Linear & Nonlinear Elements The circuit elements which are always constant irrespective of change in time, voltage, temperature etc is known as Linear Elements. Ex- Resistor, Inductor & Capacitor A nonlinear circuit is an electric circuit whose parameters are varied with respect to Current and Voltage. In other words, an electric circuit in which circuit parameters is not constant, is called Non Linear Circuit. Example- Diode, Transistor, Transformer

11. NODE, JUNCTION,BRANCH, LOOP, MESH

12. Sign Convention for KVL

13. Network Vs Circuit Network/Circuit An electrical network is an interconnection of active and passive elements such as resistance, inductance, capacitance and sources. An electrical circuit is a network that has a closed loop, giving a return path for the current. A network is a connection of two or more components and may not necessarily be a circuit.

14. Mesh Analysis Mesh Current Analysis is a technique used to find the currents circulating around a loop or mesh. Mesh analysis applies the Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) to determine the unknown currents in a given circuit. Mesh analysis is also called as mesh-current method or loop analysis.

15. PROBLEMS

16. Contd...