detection and mitigation of heavy metals in rice of fsd region-2.pptx

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1. Detection and Mitigation of Heavy Metals In Rice of Faisalabad Region Soha Amjad (2023-ag-303)

2. Contents

3. Introduction Rice provides around 20% global calories, 2nd cereal crop (Sharif et al., 2013) Key nutrition and energy source for 50% of the global population. ( Kawakatsu & Takaiwa , 2019) Rice grain pollution with heavy metals: Cd 37%, Hg 16%, Pb 60%, Cr 70% (Liu et al., 2015) The highest risks to human health from heavy metals were found in rice and maize (Zheng et al., 2020) Needs to be addressed

4. Need of Project To demonstrate the effects and possible mechanisms heavy metal stabilization in rice (Kaur et al., 2021) Provide practical bases for performing: Field-scale remediation aiming at remediating multi-metal contaminated acidic soils (Gu et al., 2011) Ensuring food safety (Yang et al., 2021)

5. Research Questions What methods can be employed to effectively detect the presence of heavy metals in rice ? What strategies can be implemented to mitigate their accumulation in the crop?

6. Atomic spectrometry for detection and boiling parboiling roasting for mitigation of heavy metals in rice may be effective . Hypothesis

7. Objective

8. Review of Literature Title Results Citation Mitigation strategies for excessive cadmium in rice. Effective methods for mitigating excessive cadmium in rice include physical, chemical, and biological techniques. Biological methods, like mixed fermentation with lactic acid bacteria and yeast, show promise for safe Cd removal. Genetic engineering for microorganisms with high Cd-removal rates in rice is recommended. (Song et al., 2023) Heavy Metals Concentration in Commercial Rice Available at Erbil City Markets, Iraq and Soaking Effects The most effective method for mitigating heavy metal contamination in rice is soaking before cooking, which reduces As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb levels significantly, enhancing food safety. Concentration of As and Pb in imported rice exceeds permissible limits. ( Jarjees & Darwesh, 2023) Recent Developments in Rice Molecular Breeding for Tolerance to Heavy Metal Toxicity Recent methods include QTL identification, genome editing, and antioxidant enzyme studies to enhance heavy metal tolerance in rice, reducing uptake and accumulation, thus mitigating contamination effectively. (Haider et al., 2023)

9. Continued Title Results Citation Spatial analysis and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in rice in Fujian Province, China Effective methods for detecting and mitigating heavy metal contamination in rice include geostatistical analysis for spatial patterns, pollution index assessment, and exposure evaluation models to manage health risks. (Guo et al., 2022) Detection of Harmful Metal Elements in Rice Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) coupled with univariate and multivariate analysis is effective for detecting harmful metal elements like Cr, Pb, Cu, and Cd in rice, ensuring quality and safety. ( Salloom et al., 2021) Pollution, Risk and Transfer of Heavy Metals in Soil and Rice: A Case Study in a Typical Industrialized Region in South China Effective methods for detecting and mitigating heavy metal contamination in rice include monitoring soil pH, TOC, and bioavailable fractions, as well as regulating heavy metal contents in rice production areas. (Y. Liu et al., 2022) Heavy metal stress in rice: Uptake, transport, signaling, and tolerance mechanisms Methods include specific transporters, signaling pathways, antioxidant enzymes, and genetic engineering to detect and mitigate heavy metal contamination in rice, enhancing tolerance and reducing accumulation in grains. (Kaur et al., 2021)

10. Methodology

11. Physicochemical analysis Determination of cadmium, arsenic, chromium, lead, and mercury (Wasim, 2019) M ethods like parboiling boiling and Roasting are effective in reducing heavy metal concentrations in rice samples, (David et al., 2020) Spatial autocorrelation and aggregation analysis will used to study the distribution of heavy metals in rice, revealing moderate to low aggregation of elements like cadmium, arsenic, chromium, lead, and mercury across different regions (Xiao et al., 2018) Statistical analysis

12. Treatment Plan Trials To be filled Contact Time (Hours) T O _ _ T 1 T 1 T 2 T 2 T 3 T 3

13. References Al-Harbi, H.F., A.M. Al- Mohaimeed and M.F. El- Tohamy . 2023. Assessment of essential elements and heavy metals in Saudi Arabian rice samples underwent various processing methods. Open Chem. 21. David, E.E., V. Nwobodo, A.C. Famurewa , I.O. Igwenyi , C.A. Egedeigwe-Ekeleme , U.N. Obeten , D.O. Obasi, U.R. Ezeilo and M.N. Emeribole . 2020. Effect of parboiling on toxic metal content and nutritional composition of three rice varieties locally produced in Nigeria. Sci. African 10:e00580. Gu, H.-H., H. Qiu, T. Tian, S.-S. Zhan, T.-H.-B. Deng, R.L. Chaney, S.-Z. Wang, Y.-T. Tang, J.-L. Morel and R.-L. Qiu. 2011. Mitigation effects of silicon rich amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted on multi-metal contaminated acidic soil. Chemosphere 83:1234–1240. Guo, Y., M. Huang, W. You, L. Cai, Y. Hong, Q. Xiao, X. Zheng and R. Lin. 2022. Spatial analysis and risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in rice in Fujian Province, China. Front. Environ. Sci. 10. Haider, Z., I. Ahmad, S. Zia and Y. Gan. 2023. Recent Developments in Rice Molecular Breeding for Tolerance to Heavy Metal Toxicity. Agriculture 13:944. Jarjees , F.Z. and D.A. Darwesh. 2023. Heavy Metals Concentration in Commercial Rice Available at Erbil City Markets, Iraq and Soaking Effects. Baghdad Sci. J. 20:967.

14. References Kaur, R., S. Das, S. Bansal, G. Singh, S. Sardar, H. Dhar and H. Ram. 2021. Heavy metal stress in rice: Uptake, transport, signaling, and tolerance mechanisms. Physiol. Plant. Kawakatsu , T. and F. Takaiwa . 2019. Rice proteins and essential amino acids. Rice. Liu, Y., X. Cao, Y. Hu and H. Cheng. 2022. Pollution, Risk and Transfer of Heavy Metals in Soil and Rice: A Case Study in a Typical Industrialized Region in South China. Sustainability 14:10225. Liu, Z., Q. Zhang, T. Han, Y. Ding, J. Sun, F. Wang and C. Zhu. 2015. Heavy Metal Pollution in a Soil-Rice System in the Yangtze River Region of China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 13:ijerph13010063–ijerph13010063. Salloom , H.T., T.K. Hamad and A.H. Mohammed. 2021. Detection of Harmful Metal Elements in Rice Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 1818:12178. Sharif, M.K., M.S. Butt, F.M. Anjum and S.H. Khan. 2013. Rice Bran: A Novel Functional Ingredient. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr . 54:807–816. Song, J., Q. Song, D. Wang and Y. Liu. 2023. Mitigation strategies for excessive cadmium in rice. Compr . Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf . 22:3847–3869.

15. References Wasim, A.A. 2019. Assessment of Heavy Metals in Rice using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry – A Study of Different Rice Varieties in Pakistan. Pakistan J. Anal. & Environ. Chem. 20:67–74. Xiao, G., Y. Hu, N. Li and D. Yang. 2018. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of monitoring data of heavy metals in rice in China. Food Control 89:32–37. Yang, Q., P. Cui, C. Liu, G. Fang, M. Huang, Q. Wang, Y. Zhou, H. Hou and Y. Wang. 2021. In situ stabilization of the adsorbed Co2+ and Ni2+ in rice straw biochar based on LDH and its reutilization in the activation of peroxymonosulfate . J. Hazard. Mater. 416:126215. Zheng, S., Q. Wang, Y. Yuan and W. Sun. 2020. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil and food crops in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration of China. Food Chem. 316:126213.

16. References

17. Thank You