Determination Of Gaseous Fuel By Junker’s Calorimeter.pdf

Determination Of Gaseous Fuel By Junker’s Calorimeter

1. Determination Of Gaseous
Fuel By Junker’s Calorimeter
CHEMISTRY A5 ProjecT
By Aashish Raj (24TEC2CCS507/35503)
To :-DR. SARITA JANGIR [ Faculty of Engineering
Chemistry (UGCHM 101) ]

2. Introduction
Heading:
Introduction to Calorimetry
Content:
Calorimetry is the science of measuring the heat of
chemical reactions or physical changes.
Junker’s Calorimeter is a device used for determining
the calorific value of gaseous fuels.
It is a direct method of measuring the heat released
during the combustion of a gas sample under
controlled conditions.

3. What is Junker’s Calorimeter?
Heading:
Junker’s Calorimeter: Overview
Content:
A Junker’s Calorimeter is a type of bomb calorimeter
specifically designed for measuring the calorific
value of gaseous fuels.
It consists of a combustion chamber, gas supply, and a
water-jacketed calorimeter.
The apparatus measures the heat released when a
known volume of gas is burned.

4. Principle oF Junker’s Calorimeter
Heading:
Principle of Operation
Content:
The calorimeter works on the principle that the heat
released during the combustion of a fuel raises the
temperature of the surrounding water.
The temperature rise in the water is measured to
calculate the energy released (calorific value).
The heat released is proportional to the temperature
change of the water and the specific heat of the water.

5. Components oF Junker’s Calorimeter
Heading:
Main Components
Content:
1.Combustion Chamber:
Where the fuel is burned in the presence of oxygen.
2.Gas Supply System:
Regulates the flow of gaseous fuel.
3.Thermometer or Temperature Sensor:
Measures the change in temperature of the water.
4.Water Jacket:
Surrounds the combustion chamber to absorb heat.
5.Calorimeter Chamber:
The space where the temperature change in the water is recorded.

6. Procedure for Determining Calorific Value
Heading:
Step-by-Step Procedure
Content:
Prepare the Sample:
Measure a specific volume of gaseous fuel.
Set Up the Apparatus:
Ensure the combustion chamber is sealed, and the water jacket is filled.
Start Combustion:
Ignite the fuel sample and allow it to combust fully in the chamber.
Record the Temperature Change:
Monitor the rise in water temperature over a fixed period.
Calculate the Calorific Value:
Use the formula:
Q=m⋅c⋅ΔTQ = m \cdot c \cdot \Delta TQ=m⋅c⋅ΔT
Where:
QQQ is the heat absorbed by the water
mmm is the mass of water
ccc is the specific heat of water
ΔT\Delta TΔT is the change in temperature.

7. Calculation of Calorific Value
Heading:
Formula for Calorific Value
Content:
The calorific value (CV) is calculated using the following
equation:
CV=QVCV = \frac{Q}{V}CV=VQWhere:
QQQ = Total heat absorbed by the water (calculated from the
temperature change)
VVV = Volume of the gas consumed
The calorific value can be expressed in units of kcal/m³ or
MJ/m³.

8. Applications and Conclusion
Heading:
Applications and Conclusion
Content:
Applications:
Determining the energy content of natural gas, LPG, and other
gaseous fuels.
Used in energy industries, laboratories, and research facilities.
Conclusion:
Junker’s Calorimeter provides an accurate and efficient method
for determining the calorific value of gaseous fuels.
The results are crucial for evaluating fuel efficiency and selecting
appropriate fuels for combustion processes.