Development of Science in Mesoamerica, Asia. Middle East, Africa.pdf

This presentation talk about development and innovations of science in ancient civilizations in Mesoamerica, Asia, Middle east and Africa.

1. Development of Science
in
Mesoamerica,
Asia. Middle East,
Africa
Group 2STS9/9/24
Yecla | Banggulan| Mangayon | Rosido | Santor | Sarol | Tampoco

2. ELMAR
SANTOR
pogi
JESHRIL
YECLA
ADRIAN
ROSIDO
GLAIVEN
TAMPOCO
ARWEN
MANGAYON
MARLONE
BANGGULAN
NATHALIE
SAROL
2

3. SAROL
Development of Science in Mesoamerica
Among its innovations were the position-value
number system with zero, the development of
the most accurate known calendar,the invention
of rubber and the corbelled arch.

4. SAROL

5. SAROL
Maya
a Mesoamerican civilization that existed from
antiquity to the early modern period.

6. SAROL

7. Incan Empire was quite short lived
In 1483 the Inca set out from their
base in Cuzco
Had Thirteen emperors during
their reign
Land of the Four Quarters
Known for their Systems of roads
SANTOR
THE INCA CIVILIZATION

8. SANTOR
Inca’s main contribution is the IncaRoad System,
which was constructed without using advanced
surveying machines.

9. SANTOR
Aztecs' significant achievements were their two
calendars, invented canoes, excellent knowledge in
medicine and engineering, and the Aztec temple.
Aztec’s Temple TONALPOHUALLI XIUHPOHUALLI
Aztec’s Civilization

10. SANTOR
They were also able to tell stories through sculpture,
pottery, weaving, and poetry.

11. SANTOR
Mandatory EducationCanoesChinampa

12. YECLATAMPOCO
Development of Science in Asia
Asia is the biggest continent in the world and the home of many ancient
civilizations. It is a host to many cultural, economic, scientific, and political
activities of all ages. In the field of science, technology, and mathematics,
great civilization has stood out.
INDIA
Indians are known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works
Their iron steel is considered to be the best.
India is also famous in medicine.
yurveda - a system of traditional medicine

13. YECLATAMPOCO
Susruta Samhita describes different surgical and other medical
procedures famous in Ancient India.
Ancient India is notable in the field of astronomy.
Also known for their mathematics.
Mohenjo daro ruler

14. YECLATAMPOCO
Aryabhata Brahmagupta
Madhava of Sangamagrama

15. YECLATAMPOCO
CHINA
China is one of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in
many areas of life like medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics, arts,
philosophy, and music, among others.
Chinese civilization has greatly influenced many of its neighbor
countries like Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia,
Myanmar, and other countries that belong to the old Silk Road.

16. YECLATAMPOCO
OLD SILK ROAD
The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes, formally established during the Han Dynasty
of China, which linked the regions of the ancient world in commerce between 130 BCE-1453 CE. Silk
Road is known to be the world's longest and most historically important overland trade route.
From East to West the goods included:
Silk
Tea
Dyes
Precious Stones
China (plates, bowls, cups, vases)
Porcelain
Spices (such as cinnamon andginger)
Bronze and gold artifacts
Medicine
Perfumes
Ivory
Rice
Paper
Gunpowder

17. YECLATAMPOCO
Traditional Chinese Medicine:
They have discovered the
medicinal properties and uses of
various plants and animals for
treating human illnesses.
Acupuncture is a well-known
example of traditional Chinese
medicine.
Acupuncture is a treatment that uses very thin steel
needles inserted into your skin to stimulate specific
points throughout your body, including your back,
neck, head and face. The goal of acupuncture is to
relieve a health condition or symptom, such as pain.

18. YECLATAMPOCO
Technology contributions:
Famous discoveries and inventions include the compass, papermaking, gunpowder,
and printing tools, which were introduced to the West during the late Middle Ages.
Other significant inventions include the iron plow, wheelbarrow, propeller, various
bridge designs, the first seismological detector, and a dry dock facility.
The battleship USS Iowa uses a floating dry dock during World War II.
Example:

19. Astronomical Contributions:
YECLATAMPOCO
The Chinese made extensive records of
astronomical phenomena like supernovas,
lunar and solar eclipses, and comets.
Seismological Knowledge:
The Chinese developed advanced
knowledge in seismology, which
enabled them to be better prepared
for natural calamities.
the first seismograph was invented in China in 132 AD by a
Chinese astronomer, mathematician, engineer, and inventor
called Zhang Heng.
Example of a lunar calendar:

20. ROSIDOBANGGULAN

21. ROSIDOBANGGULAN
Middle Eastern Country
7th & 8th centuries a period of Muslim Scholarship
13th century “THE GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM”
Scholar knowledge paved the way for innovations
and new ideas
Their geometric location contributed to
intellectualization of the Muslim

22. ROSIDOBANGGULAN
Contributions to Education
Ibn-al Haytham
“Father of modern Optics”
Muḥammad ibn Mūsā
al-Khwārizmī
“Father of Algebra”
Jabir ibn Hayyan
“Father of Chemistry”

23. ROSIDOBANGGULAN
Contributions to Education
Ibn Sina (Avicenna)
Pillar of Clinical trials
Ibn Khaldun
Father of Sociology,
Economics and
histiography
Al-battani
Pillar of Astronomy

24. MANGAYON
Development of Science in Ancient Africa
Africa
Africa is a country blessed
with mineral resources.
Science emerged long before
the Europeans colonized it.
Early civilizations in Africa
were knowledge producers
too.

25. MANGAYON
Did you know..
Ancient Egyptians largely contributed and made significant
advances in the field of astronomy, mathematics, and
medicine.
Development of Science in Ancient Africa

26. MANGAYON
Geometry: The Nile River
product of necessity to preserve the
layout and ownership of farmlands of the
Egyptians living along the Nile River.

27. MANGAYON
Geometry: The Nile River
In Ancient Egypt, the Nile River basin
was a floodplain. 
Each year, the waters would slowly rise
all the way to the hills, then recede and
leave rich fertile soil in the wake. 
Farmers would grow their vegetables
and grains in these floodplains before
the next annual flood.

28. MANGAYON
Alchemy: The Forerunner of Chemistry
They used to study human
anatomy, pharmacology,
and important components
such as examinations,
diagnosis, treatment, and
prognosis for the treatment
of diseases

29. MANGAYON
Astronomy: When Stars Aligned
Egyptians were the first to develop a 365-
day, 12 month calendar. It was a stellar
calendar, created by observing the stars.
Africans use three types of calendars or
combinations of the three; Lunar, solar, and
stellar.
They also developed the Lunar calendar, which consisted of 354
days long a year, and 28-30 days a month that depended on the
moon's cycle.

30. MANGAYON
Mathematics: The Lebombo Bone
From the mountains between
Swaziland and South Africa
It is a tool for multiplication,
division and simple
mathematical calculator
A six-month lunar calendar

31. Development of Science
in
Mesoamerica,
Asia. Middle East,
Africa
Group 2STS9/9/24
Yecla | Banggulan| Mangayon | Rosido | Santor | Sarol | Tampoco

32. REFERENCES
University of Southeastern Philippines. (n.d.). *Development*. Retrieved September 8, 2024, from
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-southeastern-philippines/science-technology-
and-society/development
(n.d.). *Development of science in Mesoamerica*. Course Hero. Retrieved September 8, 2024, from
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p1agoet1/DEVELOPMENT-OF-SCIENCE-IN-MESOAMERICA-Mesoamerica-
includes-the-entire-area-of/
(n.d.). *Development of science in Asia*. Scribd. Retrieved September 8, 2024, from
https://www.scribd.com/document/394811245/Development-of-Science-in-Asia-docx
(n.d.). *Development of science in Asia* [PowerPoint presentation]. Scribd. Retrieved September 8, 2024, from
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/410245907/Development-of-Science-in-Asia

33. REFERENCES
Author unknown. (2007). *Hieroglyph of Ancient Egypt* [Image]. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved
September 8, 2024, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15683822]
O'Connor, D., & Reid, J. (Eds.). (2009). *Ancient Egypt in Africa*. Routledge.
https://www.routledge.com/Ancient-Egypt-in-Africa/OConnor-Reid/p/book/9781598742053?
srsltid=AfmBOopJN4AJYI3hj0Mvco_-5GiXHIw-Xw-J4m_PPvLdKQqdKn6b9bkd
Four String Farm. (2012, May 11). *The invention of geometry*. Retrieved September 8, 2024, from
https://fourstringfarm.com/2012/05/11/the-invention-of-geometry/
History of science and technology in Africa. (n.d.). In *Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia*.
Retrieved September 8, 2024, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Africa#:~:text=about%20I
slamic%20law.-,Astronomy,a%20combination%20of%20the%20three

34. REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham
https://www.historyhit.com/al-khwarizmi-the-father-of-
algebra/#:~:text=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad%20ibn%20M%C5%ABs%C4%81%20al-
Khw%C4%81rizm%C4%AB%2C%20often%20shortened%20to%20al-Khwarizmi,Al-
Khwarizmi%20is%20commonly%20nicknamed%20the%20%E2%80%98Father%20of%20Algebra%E
2%80%99.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun
https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Battani/