Development programmes

Development programmes -sevagram,marthandam project,firka development scheme,etawahpilot project, nilokheri project

1. Lecture – IV Dr. J. Meenambigai Associate Professor Department of Agricultural Extension Faculty of Agriculture , Annamalai Universi ty

2. Sevagram Individual responsible Mahatma Gandhiji Year 1921 Place Sevagram in the district of Wardha , Madhya pradesh Objective The service to the under privileged with a sense of dedication.

3. Sevagram The main objective of this programme was to prevent the economic and social suppression of the people and to create the feeling of patriotism among them and they must think that this is their own country. For fulfilling this objective, Gandhiji made a programme, which became famous as “ Gandhian Constructive Programme.”

4. Sevagram The main objectives of this project were : (1) to use khadi clothes, ( 2) to introduce Health Programme , (3) the programme of sanitation in the village , (4) the programme of women welfare , (5) the programme of economic help , (6) to uplift the backward classes, ( 7) primary and adult educational programmes , (8) to improve the conditions of poor people, ( 9) programme of social harmony, and ( 10) to popularize the mother tongue and other national dialects .

5. Marthandam Project This project of rural development was initiated in the village Marthendom near Trivenduram of Kerala State by Young Men Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) and Christian Church Association under the direction of Dr. Spencer Hatch in 1928. This village was undeveloped economically and the economic condition of the native majority was poor.

6. Marthandam Project Here, people used to cultivate only paddy and coconut on some places. For exploiting this weakness, it was thought that some developmental work should be done, so that the Christian faith could spread. Consequently Dr. Hatch made agreement with Y.M.C.A. and the Church for his work and initiated this project in neighbouring village Marthendom .

7. Marthandam Project The main objectives of this project were: Spiritual Development Mental Development Physical Development Social Development Economic Development

8. Marthandam Project Methods : From the demonstration Centre at Marthandam , about hundred villages were covered through Y.M.C.A Centres in villages .

9. Marthandam Project Limitations : Lack of adequate funds Lack of Government support Lack of continuous contact with the villagers as the worker were required to return to the Centres in the evenings. The religious standing of the institutions.

10. Firka Development Scheme The government of Madras (now Tamil Nadu) decided to make efforts for the development of villages at Firka level. The first programme began in 1946. Among Pre-Independence project, this was the biggest project.

11. Firka Development Scheme Objectives: All-round development of rural people . To develop the means of drinking water and communication. To develop the committees of panchayat and co-operatives . To develop animal husbandry, farming and irrigation facilities. To introduce khadi and cottage industry.

12. Firka Development Scheme Scope: To select Firkas (villages) considering the possibilities for development in the production of handloom cloth and other cottage industries and alleviating backwardness. This work was started from 34 to 84 Firkas till 1950.

13. Firka Development Scheme Limitations : These efforts were found restricted in scope . Lack of coordination between officials of the various departments Lack of support from the central authority

14. Etawah pilot project Individual : Lt. Col. Albert Mayer of U.S.A Year : 1948 Place : Mahlwa village about eleven miles from Etawah in the pradesh .

15. Etawah pilot project Objectives: To see the extent of improvement possible in production, social improvement, development of initiative, self-compliance and co-operation in an average district. How quickly results could be achieved. Whether results achieved could be permanent and can be transferable to other areas. Gain and grow confidence of the villagers. Build up a sense of community living. Build up a spirit of self-help in the villagers so that they can carry on their programme independently.

16. Etawah pilot project Execution : Full cooperation of other departments was enlisted and demonstrations were conducted .

17. Etawah pilot project Result : The project was found successful and the pattern was accepted for the starting of Community Development Project. Villagers participated very well. The rough planning and an integrated approach to village life.

18. Nilokheri Project In 1948, Shree S.K.Dey prepared this project for the purpose of providing residence for 700 immigrants from Pakistan . He began this project using 100 acre of swampy land spreading in the midst of Karnal and Kurukshetra . The name of this project was “ Majdoor Manzil ”. The director of this project was Shree S.K. Dey. He went on to become the Union Minister of Community Development in 1965.

19. Nilokheri Project Objectives: Self-dependence in all the fields of life. To arrange for professional training and provide occupation for the people on the basis of their experience. To eliminate the middle-man system.

20. Nilokheri Project Scope: The work was done in 100 villages near Nilokheri . To establish the village level workers, social development officer and block development officer. The development and popularization of co-operative Institutions. The facility for entertainment. The effort to establish a socialist society.

21. Thank You