Diazepam.pptx

Diazepam

1. Ministry Of Higher Education And Scientific Research Jaber Ibn Hayyan Medical University College Of Pharmacy – Pharm.D Seminar Diazepam Supervisor by Dr. Hasan Addited by students Ibrahim Salah , Zainab Ghalib 2021 - 2022

2. Topics Scientific Name and Trade Name Overview Dosage and Administration Mechanism Of Action Effects on Organ Systems Metabolism SIDE-EFFECTS Contraindication and precaution Reference

3. Scientific Name & Trade Name Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that exerts anxiolytic , sedative , muscle - relaxant , anticonvulsant and amnestic effects . Scientific Name Diazepam Trade name : Valium

4. Diazepam Diazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine with rapid onset commonly used to treat panic disorders , severe anxiety , alcohol withdrawal , and seizures . It is a colorless crystalline compound which is in soluble in water .

5. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Dosage should be individualized for maximum beneficial effect. The usual recommended dose in adults ranges from 2 mg to 20 mg IM or IV, depending on the indicati on and its severity : Anxiety Disorders and Symptoms of Anxiety: 2 mg to 5 mg, IM or IV Acute Alcohol Withdrawal : The usual dose is 10 mg---- 3 or 4 times during the first 24 hours, then 5 mg---- 3 or 4 times daily as needed. Relief of Muscle Spasm : The usual dose is 2mg to 10 mg----- 3 or 4 times daily. Convulsive Disorders : The usual dose is 2 mg to 10 mg------- 2 to 4 times daily

6. Mechanism of action Modulates postsynaptic effects of GABA-A transmission , resulting in an increase in presynaptic inhibition ( GABA facilitator y). Appears to act on part of the limbic system , as well as on the thalamus and hypothalamus , to induce a calming effect .

7. With no Diazepam In the presence of Diazepam By Diazepam

8. Effects on Organ Systems Cardiovascular : Cause a reduction of arterial blood pressure,heart rate and cardiac output due to direct myocardial depression . Respiratory system: higher dose cause respiratory depression and may lead to death . CNS: Mainly acts on RAS and amygdala ( limbic system ) producing sedation , anxiolysis and amnesia , Also acts on medulla producing muscle relaxation and on cerebellum producing ataxia . {2}

9. Effects on organ systems No any analgesic effects. Produce Muscle relaxation by acting on medullary and spinal cord (central action) and not at neuromuscular junction.

10. Metabolism Metabolized in Liver. The major active metabolite of diazepam is des-methyl diazepam. Metabolites are excreted in GIT and Urine.

11. Side effects Dizziness Drowsiness Tiredness Muscle weakness Nausea Headache Dry mouth Constipation Euphoria

12. Contraindications and precaution Valium Injection is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to this drug. Valium Injection should not be administered to patients in shock coma Should be used with precautions in patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Usage in Pregnancy: An increased risk of congenital malformations associated with the use of diazepam during the first trimester of pregnancy has been suggested in several studies.

13. Reference Lippincott pharmacology 7 th ED Medscape BNF 83 March 2022

14. Thank You