different types of pump presentation slide.pptx

this slide provides the function of different types of pump.

1. Pumps Basic Terms Definition Types Principal of Operation Major components & their Function Terminology

2. Definition Pump : When a fluid has to be "moved" in a system, pumps are used. The pump is a machine which has the function of increasing the total energy of a liquid; this means that the pump transfers energy to the fluid that it receives from the driving motor”. Need Of a Pump: Used to pump a liquid from lower pressure area to a High pressure area. To increase Flow rate. To move liquid from lower elevation to higher elevation.

3. Basic Terms • Volumetric Flow rate : Flow rate /Capacity of a pump is the amount of liquid delivered by the pump per unit of time (m3/hr). Total Head : It is term that defines how high the pump can lift a liquid./Pressure in terms of height. Hydraulic Power : Power transferred by the pump to the liquid . VACUUM : Pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure. • • •

4. Types Displacement Pumps Centrifugal Pump Reciprocating Rotary Pumps Dynamic Pump Radial Mixed Screw Piston Diaphragm Gear Lobe Axial Vertical Horizontal

5. Principle of Operation • Dynamic Pump : . In dynamic pumps, energy is added to the fluid continuously through the rotary motion of the blades . This increase in energy is converted to a gain in Pressure Energy when the liquid is allowed to pass through an increased area.

6. Centrifugal Pump • Working Principle : Works on the principle of centrifugal force. This is the force that pushes the liquid away from the centre(in tangential direction). Converting Prime Mover energy into Mechanical energy through shaft . Converting Mechanical energy into fluid energy impeller. Converting kinetic Energy into pressure energy through the volute casing.

7. Centrifugal Pump • Major Parts: • Shaft: It transmit the torque/Power. and supporting the impeller and other rotating parts. Shaft is protected from erosion ,corrosion and wear at the seal chamber through renewable sleeve. • Impeller : An Impeller has vanes that pushes the liquid through the impeller. Transmit energy into the fluid (hydraulic energy). • Volute/Casing: Impeller are fitted inside the casing. Volute casing is a curved shaped ,increasing in cross sectional area. Volute reduces the velocity of the liquid and increases the pressure.

8. Major Parts Impeller/ Blades Volute Casing Shaft

9. Types Of Impeller OPEN SEMI OPEN CLOSED

10. Major Parts

11. PARTS Wear Rings Gland Packing Lantern Ring

12. GLAND PACKING Lantern Ring Wear Ring

13. • Radial Pumps : High Pressure& For low flow rate/Centrifugal pump. • Axial Pumps : Axial- flow pumps operate at much lower pressures and higher flow rates than radial- flow pumps. • Mixed Flow Pumps: Mixed- flow pumps operate at higher pressures than axial- flow pumps while delivering higher discharges than radial- flow pumps.

14. Why Centrifugal Pumps Need Priming ? Centrifugal pumps does not create suction at the start without impeller filled with water. Hence Priming required . Priming is the process in which the impeller of a centrifugal pump will get fully sub merged in liquid without any air trap inside. This is especially required when there is a first start up. But it is advisable to start the pump only after primping.

15. Multistage Centrifugal Pumps. ` In order to achieve a higher discharge pressure multiple impellers are used within a single pump. Depending upon the requirement.

16. Vertical Pumps

17. Positive Displacement Pumps • Working Principle: Positive Displacement Pump has an expanding cavity on the suction side of the pump and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid is allowed to flow into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid is forced out of the discharge as the cavity collapses.

18. Gear Pumps Working Principle:

19. Screw Pumps • Working Principle :

20. Lobe Pump • Working Principle

21. Reciprocating Pumps: Working Principle Reciprocating Positive Displacement Pump

22. Displacement Vs Centrifugal • Centrifugal pumps are suitable for low head and high flow rate. • PD pumps produce high head and low flow rate. • PD are suitable for High Viscosity application. • Centrifugal Pumps are not recommended for high viscosity application because as viscosity increases its flow deceases. Usually a relieve valve is attached with the displacement pumps. •

23. Related Terminologies Cavitation: It is the process in which bubbles are formed due to sufficient Pressure drop at the suction of the pump. Bubble Formation inside a pump. Growth of bubbles. Collapse of bubble. Cavitations. Produces shock waves. Overhung Pumps : Between Bearings Pumps : Closed Coupled:

24. Valve What is valve? Classification of valves Valve types. Methods of controlling flow through a valve. Basic Parts of the valve. Valve types

25. What is valve? A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valve Functions      Stopping and starting fluid flow. Varying (throttling) the amount of fluid flow. Controlling the direction of fluid flow. Regulating downstream system or process pressure. Relieving component or piping over pressure.

26. Valve types Linear motion Rotary motion Quarter turn Gate Valve x Globe valve x Plug valve x x Ball valve x x Butterfly valve x x Diaphragm valve x Pinch valve x Classification of Valves The following are some of the commonly used valve classifications, based on mechanical motion: Linear Motion Valves . The valves in which the closure member, as in gate, globe, diaphragm, pinch moves in a straight line to allow, stop, or throttle the flow. Rotary Motion Valves . When the valve- closure member travels along an angular or circular path, as in butterfly, ball, plug valves. Quarter Turn Valves . Some rotary motion valves require approximately a quarter turn, through 90°, motion of the stem to go to fully open from a fully closed position or vice versa. Classification of valves based on motion

27. Methods of controlling flow through a valve. 1. Move a disc, or plug into or against an orifice globe or needle type valve) globe valve Needle valve

28. 2. Slide a flat, cylindrical, or spherical surface across the orifice. Methods of controlling flow through a valve. gate valve plug valve

29. 3. Rotate a disc or ellipse about a shaft extending across the diameter of an orifice. Methods of controlling flow through a valve. ball valve butterfly valve

30. 4. Move a flexible material into the flow passage. Methods of controlling flow through a valve. pinch valve diaphragm valve

31. • • • • • Body Bonnet Trim (internal elements) Actuator (Handwheel) Packing Basic Parts of the valve

32. Body It is called the shell, is the primary pressure boundary of a valve. It serves as the principal element of a valve assembly because it is the framework that holds everything together. Basic Parts of the valve

33. Bonnet The cover for the opening in the valve body. Bonnets Features bonnet is the second principal pressure boundary of a valve. It is cast or forged of the same material as the body and is connected to the body by a threaded, bolted, or welded joint. the attachment of the bonnet to the body is considered a pressure boundary. This means that the weld joint or bolts that connect the bonnet to the body are pressure- retaining parts. Valve bonnets, although a necessity for most valves, represent a cause for concern, • • • • Bonnets can complicate the manufacture. I ncrease valve size. Represent a significant cost portion of valve cost. Bonnets are a source for potential leakage. Basic Parts of the valve Welded Bonnet Bolted Bonnet

34. Valve Trim The internal elements of a valve are collectively referred to as a valve's trim. The trim typically includes a disk, seat , stem, and sleeves needed to guide the fluid. A valve's performance is determined by the disk and seat interface and the relation of the disk position to the seat. Because of the trim, basic motions and flow control are possible. Valve Trim Basic Parts of the valve

35. Internal parts of the valve Disk Disk is the third primary principal pressure boundary. It provides the capability for allowing and stopping fluid flow. The disk is a pressure- retaining part. Disks are typically forged and, in some designs, hard- surfaced to provide good wear characteristics. Most valves are named, in part, according to the design of their disks. Seat or seal rings provide the seating surface for the disk. To improve the wear- resistance of the seal rings, the surface is often hard- faced by welding and then machining the contact surface of the seal ring. Basic Parts of the valve

36.     Rising stem with outside screw Rising stem with inside screw Non rising stem with inside screw Sliding stem. Internal parts of the valve Stem Connects the actuator (hand wheel) and disk, is responsible for positioning the disk. Stem designs fall into four basic categories: Basic Parts of the valve Stem Inside Screw Rising Stem (ISRS) Outside Screw Inside Screw Non- Rising Stem

37. Actuator (hand wheel) Operates the stem and disk assembly. An actuator may be operated manually or automatically. Basic Parts of the valve Actuator Packing It is used to prevent leakage from the space between the stem and the bonnet. Packing

38. Valve Selection Valve Selection Considerations • • • Pressure. Temperature. Type of fluid. – – – – Liquid. Gas, i.e., steam or air. Dirty or abrasive (erosive) Corrosive. • 4 . Flow Considerations – – – – A. On- off or Throttling. C. Is the valve needed to prevent backflow. D. Concern for pressure drop. – E. Velocity . • 5. Operating conditions – – – – – – – – Frequency of operation. Accessibility. Overall space/size available. Manual or automated control. Need for bubble- tight shut- off. Concerns about body joint leaks. Fire safe design. Speed of closure.

39. Material Selection • There are factors govern the basic materials selection Corrosion- resistance requirements. Thermal shock. Piping stress. Fire hazard. • Types of materials typically available include, Ductile iron. Carbon steel. Cast iron. Stainless steels. Brass. Bronze. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic. • Body Materials For small valves are usually brass, bronze, or forged steel For larger valves, cast iron, cast ductile iron or cast steel as required for the pressure and service.

40. • • Seat and Valve Disk Materials The valve seat and valve disk are sometimes referred to as the valve trim and are usually constructed of the same material selected to meet the service requirements. Valve stem material should be selected to meet service conditions. Stainless steel is commonly used for most HVAC applications, and bronze is commonly used in ball valve construction. Material Selection

41. Valve End Connections • Threaded ends – Used for small application up to 4 in. they are cheap but can be stripped and leak, for this reason they are used when leakage is not a problem. Threaded ends should not be used with corrosive processes, since the threads can either fail or become inseparable. Threaded end

42. Valve End Connections • Welded ends – When zero leakage is required for environmental, safety, or any efficiency reasons the piping can be welded to the valve, providing one piece construction. Many users insist that high- pressure application requires a permanent end especially if they involve high temperatures • Flanged ends – The most expensive but are the best from an installation and removal standpoint. The main advantage of flanges is that the valve can be removed easily from the line Welded end Flanged end

43. Globe valve Gate valve Plug valve Ball valve Needle valve Butterfly valve Diaphragm valve Pinch valve Check valve Safety/relief valve Reducing valve Valve types

44. Globe Valves A globe valve is a linear motion valve used to stop, start, and regulate fluid flow. The three primary body designs for globe valves are Z- body, Y- body, and Angle. Advantages Recommended for throttling applications. Good for frequent operation. Easy to repair. Disadvantages Flow path causes a significant pressure drop. Globe valves are more costly than alternative valves. Globe_Valve_- _FBV.mp4

45. Gate Valves Flow is controlled by raising or lowering the valving element. Gate valves are not usually used to regulate flow because the valving element can be damaged when in the partially open position. Similarly, they also limit the pressure drop across the valve when fully open. Advantages • Gate valves opens or closes slowly, which prevents fluid hammer and subsequent damage to the piping system. They need long operation time since setting the valve to the fully open or closed position requires the handle to be turned many times. Good choice for on- off service. Full flow, low pressure drop. Bidirectional. Disadvantages • • • • It is not suitable for throttling applications. It is prone to vibration in the partially open state. It is more subject to seat and disk wear. Repairs, such as lapping and grinding, are generally more difficult to accomplish. Gate_Valve_-_FBV.mp4

46. Ball Valves A ball valve is a rotational motion valve that uses a ball- shaped disk to stop or start fluid flow. Advantages Maintains and regulates high volume, high pressure, and high temp flow Low purchase and maintenance costs. No lubrication requirements. Give tight sealing with low torque. Time of valve operation is minimized. Can be used for throttling service. Can handle fluids with suspended solids. Disadvantages Have relatively poor throttling characteristics. Difficult to clean, leads to contamination Ball Valve _FBV.mp4

47. Butterfly Valves Butterfly valves are rotary motion valve that is used to stop, regulate, and start fluid flow. Advantages They are suitable for large valve applications. Compact, lightweight design. The maintenance costs are usually low. Pressure drop across a butterfly valve is small. Used with chemical or corrosive media. Disadvantages Difficult to clean Throttling limited to low differential pressure Potential for cavitations and choke – Unguided disc movement is affected by flow turbulence Butterfly_Valves.mp4

48. Diaphragm Valves A diaphragm valve is a linear motion valve that is used to start, regulate, and stop fluid flow. The name is derived from its flexible disk, which mates with a seat located in the open area at the top of the valve body to form a seal. Advantages valve components can be isolated from the process fluid. Valve construction prevents leakage of the fluid without the use of a gland seal (packing) Disadvantages The diaphragm becomes worn more easily and regular maintenance is necessary. These types of valves are generally not suited for very high temperature fluids and are mainly used on liquid systems. iaphragm_Valves.mp4

49. Pinch Valve A pinch valve is the simplest valve design. It is a linear motion valve that is used to start, regulate, and stop fluid flow. It uses a rubber tube (pinch tube) to control the fluid. Advantages - They are ideally suited for the handling of slurries, liquids with large amounts of suspended solids, and systems that convey solids pneumatically. Can be used for application where corrosion or metal contamination of the fluid might be a problem. The flow passage is straight without any crevice. There are no internal moving parts in contact with the fluid. Low maintenance due to wear or pressure. Minimum items to change. Tube ONLY. Disadvantages Cannot be used in high temperature/ pressure applications Cannot be used with gas media

50. Check Valves Check valves are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping system. These valves are activated by the flowing material in the pipeline. The pressure of the fluid passing through the system opens the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve. Closure is accomplished by the weight of the check mechanism, by back pressure, by a spring, or by a combination of these means. The general types of check valves are swing, tilting- disk, piston, , and stop. Lift Check Valve Stop Check Valve Butterfly Check Valve tilting- disk Check Valve

51. Needle valves The needle valve , like globe valve, is used for flow control . It allows precise regulation of flow, although it is generally only capable of relatively low flow rates. Normally needle valve is used in smaller sizes and is provided with either screwed or socket weld ends.

52. COMPRESSORS

53. WHAT IS COMPRESSOR? • Compressors are mechanical devices that compresses gases. It is widely used in industries and has various applications How They Are Different From Pumps? Major difference is that compressors handles the gases and pumps handles the liquids. As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume of gas. Liquids are relatively incompressible. WHY WE NEED? Compressors have many everyday uses, such as in : Air conditioners, (car, home) Home and industrial refrigeration Hydraulic compressors for industrial machines Air compressors for industrial manufacturing

54. CLASSIFICATION : MIXED

55. Positive Displacement • Positive- displacement compressors operate by forcing a fixed volume of fluid from the inlet pressure section of the compressor into the discharge zone of the compressor.

56. RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS Mechanical piston type Single acting Double acting Diaphragm type

57. Single Acting Compressor A Single Acting Reciprocating (piston) compressor consists of a single cylinder which only takes in and discharges fluid at one end .

58. Double Acting Compressor A Double acting unit also has only one cylinder but it is piped up to take in and discharge fluid at both ends .

59. Diaphragm Type A diaphragm compressor is a variant of the classic reciprocating compressor. The compression of gas occurs by means of a flexible membrane , instead of an intake element .

60. Advantages Oil- free compression due to hermetic separation between gas and oil chamber Abrasion- free compression due to static seals in the gas stream. Automatic shutdown in case of a diaphragm failure prevents damage Discharge pressure up to (3,000 bar)

61. Applications Automotive industry Biogas plants Chemical and petrochemical industry Chip manufacturing Industrial gas manufacturing Laboratory and research facilities Food industry Hydrogen filling stations

62. Rotary Compressors Rotary compressor function is in which fixed amount of air is displaced with each revolution .

63. SCROLL TYPE COMPRESSOR A scroll compressor operating in reverse is known as a scroll expander , and can be used to generate mechanical work from the expansion of a fluid, compressed air or gas.

64. WORKING PRINCIPLE

65. Advantages of Scroll Compressors • The absence of pistons for gas compression enables scroll compressors to reach 100% volumetric efficiency, leading to reduced energy costs. Re- expansion losses, a typical feature of each piston stroke encountered in reciprocating models, are eliminated. In addition, valve (ports) losses are eliminated, • Disadvantages of Scroll Compressors Being fully hermetic, perhaps the biggest disadvantage of scroll compressors is that they are generally not easily repairable . They cannot be disassembled for maintenance. Applications Since their introduction, scroll compressors have been successfully used in applications involving food and fruit refrigeration , truck transportation, marine containers as well as residential and small to medium scale commercial air- conditioning applications.

66. LIQUID RING TYPE They are typically used as a vacuum pump but can also be used as a gas compressor. The function of a liquid ring pump is similar to a rotary vane pump, with the difference being that the vanes are an integral part of the rotor.

67. ADVANTAGES • Almost all gases and vapours are compressed, even those containing dust and liquids. there is only a very slight rise in the temperature of the gas there is a high level of reliability in service with a minimum of maintenance required • • APPLICATIONS Applications include: Breathing air Vent gas boosting/recovery Explosive gas boosting Chemical processes.