Digital Literacy-ComputerHW_BasicUnderstanding - L2.pptx

digital literacy course .

1. Digital Literacy Have the Right Digital Skills to achieve your goals SEC 102 Lecture 4

2. Understanding Computing Types of Computing Analog Computing: Perform operations by continuous physical phenomena, like using the voltage of a circuit. These are used in specialized applications for tasks like scientific simulations. Digital Computing: Processes discrete data represented by binary values (0s and 1s). This is the most common type of computing used in modern devices, such as PCs, smartphones, and servers. Hybrid Computing: Combines features of both analog and digital computers. For example, a hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) monitor uses analog sensors to measure a patient's vital signs and then converts them into digital data for processing and display.

3. Understanding Computing Cloud Computing https://www.spiceworks.com/tech/cloud/articles/what-is-cloud-computing/ Cloud computing refers to the use of hosted services, such as data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software over the internet. The data is stored on physical servers, which are maintained by a cloud service provider. infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) platform-as-a-service (PaaS) and software-as-a-service (SaaS)

4. Computing Accessories and Peripherals Computer hardware includes  Input and output devices ,  CPU ,  RAM ,  SSD  &  HDD ,  Motherboard,  etc. Input device sends the data into the computer system. It allows users to interact with the computer Ex: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Scanner, Joystick, etc. Output device is a device used to send data from the computer to the user. In short, it provides output to the user so that the user can communicate with it—for example Monitor, Printer, Speaker, etc. CPU is a Central Processing Unit which is a hardware device that is placed in a motherboard. “Brain of the Computer”. RAM is a “Random Access Memory” hardware device placed within the motherboard. RAM is used to provide the storage to run the application in your computer. It is the primary memory of the computer system. SSD and HDD both are the storage devices of the computer, and it is secondary memory of the computer system. SSD stands for “Solid State Drive” & HDD stands for “Hard Disk Drive”, both are hardware device which is used to provide storage so that the user can easily store anything like: Software, Videos, Images, etc, and so on

5. Overview of Computing Accessories and Peripherals Input Devices : Used to enter data into the computer. Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Webcam, Joystick.

6. Output Devices : Used to display or send information from the computer to the user. Examples: Monitor, Printer, Speakers, Headphones, Projector. Overview of Computing Accessories and Peripherals

7. Storage Devices : Used to store data permanently or temporarily. Primary Storage (Memory) : - RAM (Random Access Memory) – temporary, volatile. - ROM (Read Only Memory) – permanent, non-volatile. Secondary Storage: - Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Solid State Drive (SSD), Optical Discs (CD/DVD), USB Flash Drives. Overview of Computing Accessories and Peripherals

8. Central Processing Unit (CPU) : The brain of the computer. Main components: ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs calculations and logical operations. CU (Control Unit): Directs operations of the computer. Registers and Cache: Very fast storage inside the CPU for temporary data. Overview of Computing Accessories and Peripherals

9. Motherboard and Internal Components : The main circuit board that connects all hardware. Components include : CPU socket RAM slots Expansion slots (for GPU, sound card, network card, etc.) Chipset (manages communication between CPU, memory, and peripherals) Power connectors Overview of Computing Accessories and Peripherals

10. Networking and Connectivity Devices: - Network Interface Card (NIC) - Wi-Fi adapters - Routers and modems (external but essential) NIC Wi-Fi Adapters Router modem Overview of Computing Accessories and Peripherals

11. Computer PC - Upkeep and Maintenance I nstalling Current Operating System Updates Clearing the Cache in your Internet Browser(s) Maintaining Current Anti-Virus / Anti-Malware Software Running Disk Cleanup Other Computer Maintenance and Security Recommendations Refs: https://www.pcworld.com/article/1793414/these-spring-cleaning-tips-will-have-your-pc-running-better-than-ever.html https://www.techrepublic.com/article/10-tuneup-tips-to-keep-your-mac-running-like-a-sports-car/ https://www.thewindowsclub.com/windows-defender-offline-scan-vs-full-scan-vs-quick-scan C omputer maintenance is the practice of keeping gadgets in a good state

12. Computer PC - Upkeep and Maintenance Anti-virus / Malware protection software Malware protection software, also known as antivirus or anti-malware software, is designed to detect, prevent, and remove various types of malicious software that can harm your computer, steal your personal information, or disrupt your digital experience. Norton AntiVirus McAfee Total Protection Kaspersky Anti-Virus Avast Free Antivirus Malwarebytes Premium Bitdefender Antivirus Plus Windows Defender (Microsoft Defender)

13. Computer PC - Upkeep and Maintenance Google Chrome: Open Chrome. Click on the three-dot menu icon in the top-right corner. Hover over "More tools" and then click on "Clear browsing data." In the "Clear browsing data" window, select "Cached images and files." You can also choose the time range for which you want to clear the cache (e.g., last hour, last 24 hours, all time). Click the "Clear data" button. Mozilla Firefox: Open Firefox. Click on the three-line menu icon (hamburger menu) in the top-right corner. Click on "Library" and then select "History." Click on "Clear Recent History." In the "Time range to clear" dropdown, select the desired time range. Check the box next to "Cache" to clear the cache. Click the "Clear Now" button. Microsoft Edge: Open Edge. Click on the three-dot menu icon in the top-right corner. Scroll down and click on "Settings." Under "Privacy, search, and services," click on "Choose what to clear." Check the box next to "Cached data and files." Click the "Clear" button. Safari (macOS): Open Safari. Click on "Safari" in the menu bar at the top of the screen. Select "Preferences." Go to the "Privacy" tab. Click the "Manage Website Data" button. Click "Remove All" to clear the cache for all websites. Click "Done." Clearing the Cache in your Internet Browser

14. Basic Troubleshooting Tips

15. Basic Troubleshooting https://www.driversupport.com/knowledge-article/fix-device-driver-problems-in-windows/ https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/tutorials/troubleshooting-hardware https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/basic-troubleshooting-techniques/1/ Power button will not start computer An application is running slowly An application is frozen The mouse or keyboard has stopped working The sound isn't working The screen is blank

16. Operating System An operating system (OS) is a fundamental software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides various services for computer programs. Acts as intermediary between users and the computer hardware, enabling them to interact with and utilize the system's capabilities. Examples of Popular Operating Systems: Windows: Developed by Microsoft, Windows is a widely used OS for personal computers, laptops, and servers. macOS: Developed by Apple, macOS is the OS used in their desktop and laptop computers. Linux: Linux is an open-source OS kernel used as the basis for various Linux distributions (distros) like Ubuntu, CentOS, and Debian. Android: Developed by Google, Android is an open-source mobile OS used in smartphones and tablets. iOS: Developed by Apple, iOS is the mobile OS used exclusively in iPhones and iPads. Unix: An older but influential OS that has served as the basis for many modern operating systems, including Linux and macOS.

17. Operating System

18. Operating System (Questionnaires) https://forms.gle/KYhnK5aCKE43c8sf6

19. Reference for further reading https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHtxUEdUrzM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xbKONgjnfw https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/resolving-blue-screen-errors-in-windows-60b01860-58f2-be66-7516-5c45a66ae3c6 https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/tutorials/troubleshooting-hardware https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-32-bit-64-bit-operating-systems/