Direct speech english grammer study class 10

Direct speech

1. DIRECT & INDIRECT (REPORTED)SPEECH Let’s Revise!

2. DIRECT SPEECH Other punctuation Punctuation marks like question marks, exclamation marks and commas are used. E.g: Sumi said, “Wow ! That’s such a beautiful painting.” Comma after introductory verb A comma is always used in direct speech, after the introductory or reporting verb. E.g.: said , asked , told , complained etc. Mom said , “Come here.” Usage of inverted commas In direct speech, inverted commas are used to enclose the exact words of the speaker. E.g: Gary said, “ I have a holiday tomorrow .”

3. INDIRECT SPEECH Other punctuation All other punctuation marks like question marks, exclamation marks and commas are removed . E.g: Sumi exclaimed that it was a beautiful painting. No comma after introductory verb A comma is not used after the introductory or reporting verb. At most times ‘ that ’ is used in its place. However, sometimes, ‘ that’ is not written but understood. E.g.: She said (that) she would watch a movie with us. No inverted commas In indirect speech, inverted commas are not used . E.g: Gary said that he had a holiday the following day.

4. Examples: ( a) The girl says , "I am eating porridge." (b) The girl says that she is eating porridge . CHANGE OF TENSES 1. If the introductory or reporting verb is in the present or the future tense, the verb in reported speech in not changed.

5. 2 . If the introductory or reporting verb is in the past tense, the reported speech is changed to the past tense . CHANGE OF TENSES Examples: (a) Rohan said , "I have to go." (b) Rohan said that he had to go.

6. Examples: (a) Rihana said "I want to go shopping." (b) Rihana said that she wanted to go shopping. CHANGE OF TENSES 3. The simple present tense changes to the simple past tense .

7. Examples : (a) Rima said, "I am driving to office." (b) Rima said that she was driving to office. CHANGE OF TENSES 4. The present continuous tense changes to the past continuous tense .

8. Examples : (a) The Principal said to the students, “You have played the football match well." (b) The Principal told the students that they had played the football match well. CHANGE OF TENSES 5. The present perfect tense changes to the past perfect tense .

9. Examples : (a) Raina said, "I composed a poem.” (b) Raina said that she had composed a poem . CHANGE OF TENSES 6. The simple past tense changes to the past perfect tense .

10. 7. The past continuous tense changes to the past perfect continuous tense . CHANGE OF TENSES Examples: (a) Mohana said, "Rohan was playing with his friends after school." (b) Mohana said that Rohan had been playing with his friends after school.

11. 8. 'May' changes to 'might' , ' can ’ changes to 'could’ CHANGE OF TENSES Examples: (a) Rishi said, "My brother may arrange for the air tickets." (b) Rishi said that his brother might arrange for the air tickets. (c) Ashish said, "I can run very fast." (d) Ashish said that he could run very fast.

12. 9. "Shall' changes to 'should', 'will' changes to 'would'. CHANGE OF TENSES Examples: (a) Rishi said, "My brother may arrange for the air tickets." (b) Rishi said that his brother might arrange for the air tickets. (c) Ashish said, "I can run very fast." (d) Ashish said that he could run very fast.

13. 1. Reporting verb ‘said’ or ‘told’ into ‘asked’ or ‘enquired’ 2. For ‘Wh..’ questions reported speech begins with these words. No other conjunction used. 3. For ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ question – use ‘if’ or ‘whether’ 4. Auxiliary verb is placed after the subject. (?) is replaced with (.) 5. ‘Do’, ‘Does’ are dropped. 6. Conjunction ‘that’ is not used. CHANGE OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES Examples: 1. He said to me, “Where are you going?” He asked me where I was going . 2. She said to the teacher, “May I play now?” She asked the teacher if she might play then. 3. I said to her, “ Do you know how to dance?” I asked her if she knew how to dance . 4. “Which way did the thief go ?” asked the policeman. The policeman enquired which way the thief had gone.

14. 1. Reporting verb changes to commanded, requested, advised, urged, forbade etc.. 2. No conjunction is used to introduce the reported speech. 3. Sentence beginning with ‘Let’s’ changes to proposed, suggested… replace let’s with should. 4. Let – might be allowed CHANGE OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES Examples: 1. The teacher said to the boys, “Do not waste your time.” The teacher advised the boys not to waste thei r time. 2. She said to me, “Let’s go for swimming.” She proposed to me that we should go for swimming. 3. I said to her, “ Let the visitor come in.” I requested her that the visitor might be allowed to come in.

15. CHANGE IN PRONOUNS Examples: 1. She said, “ I enjoy listening to music.” She said that she enjoyed listening to music. 2. He said, “ My bag is stolen.” He said that his bag was stolen. 3. Nisha said to him, “ You are an intelligent boy.” Nisha told him that he was an intelligent boy. 4. Mohit said to her, “ Your pen looks new.” Mohit told her that her pen looked new.

16. CH AN GE IN EXPRESSIONS OF TIME AND PLACE Direct Speech Indirect Speech 1. tomorrow the next day/ the following day 2. yesterday the day before / the previous day 3. tonight that night 4. today that day 5. this that 6. these those 7. next day the following day 8. last week the previous week 9. here there 10. ago before 11. now then

17. TO MASTER THE TOPIC: Revise Solve & Practise 01 02 Read the notes given in your Grammar Workbook Solve as many exercises as possible, related to the lesson. Use your previous year’s as well as current year’s workbook, in addition to online exercises 03 Most of the songs we listen have great examples of direct and reported speech. Try to identify them. Examples: 1. “Apologize” by Timbaland featuring OneRepublic (reported speech); 2. “Norwegian Wood” by the Beatles (direct speech) Not just songs, the books/newspapers etc. that you read have several examples of reported and indirect speech. Try to identify